The role of hypoxia in vascular injury and repair.
The role of hypoxia in vascular injury and repair.
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DOI：
10.1146/annurev.pathmechdis.3.121806.151501
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发表时间：
2008-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
T. Walshe;P. D’Amore
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
T. Walshe;P. D’Amore
虽然缺血和缺氧这两个术语经常互换使用，但它们在细胞水平上代表不同的过程，导致不同的调节作用。缺氧是指供氧量低于组织需要量，而缺血是指灌注不足，不仅表现为缺氧，还表现为营养供应不足。缺氧可分为急性缺氧和慢性缺氧，两者均受缺氧诱导因子的中枢调控。缺氧诱导因子是一种调控血管内皮生长因子和促红细胞生成素等关键反应基因表达的转录因子。严重的慢性缺氧会导致细胞死亡，而不那么严重的缺氧可以防止随后的损伤，这种现象被称为缺氧条件。几个重要的过程以缺氧为特征，包括缺血-再灌注、肿瘤生长和进展、炎症、心肌缺血和一些眼部病变。
Although the terms ischemia and hypoxia are often used interchangeably, they represent distinct processes that result in different modulatory effects at the cellular level. Hypoxia is a reduction in oxygen delivery below tissue demand, whereas ischemia is a lack of perfusion, characterized not only by hypoxia but also by insufficient nutrient supply. Hypoxia can be either acute or chronic, and both are centrally regulated by hypoxia-inducible factor, a transcription factor that governs the expression of key response genes such as vascular endothelial growth factor and erythropoietin. Whereas severe chronic hypoxia can cause cell death, less-severe hypoxia can protect against subsequent damage, a phenomenon known as hypoxic conditioning. Several important processes are characterized by hypoxia, including ischemia-reperfusion, tumor growth and progression, inflammation, myocardial ischemia, and a number of ocular pathologies.