Microfluidics - Microfluidic diffusion-based separation and detection
Microfluidics - Microfluidic diffusion-based separation and detection
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DOI：
10.1126/science.283.5400.346
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发表时间：
1999-01-15
期刊：
影响因子：
56.9
通讯作者：
Yager, P
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Weigl, BH;Yager, P
设备小型化的最新进展促进了集成微流体设备的发展，即所谓的芯片实验室 (1, 2)。在这些刻有凹槽和腔室的微小微芯片中，可以发生用于化学分析和合成的多种化学和物理过程。这些设备也称为微全分析系统 (μTAS)，可以通过与半导体行业中使用的技术类似的技术在硅中大规模生产，或者为了更低的成本，它们可以通过使用铸造、切割和冲压技术由塑料制成。与传统分析设备相比，它们具有许多优势：它们消耗的样品和试剂量极低。每个芯片价格低廉且体积小。采样到得出结果的时间极短。此外，在微通道中流动的流体表现出独特的特性（“微流体”），允许设计在宏观尺度上不起作用的分析设备和测定格式。真正的μTAS将在集成微流体电路中执行所有分析功能，包括采样、样品预处理、分离、稀释、混合步骤、化学反应和检测。执行所有这些单独功能的微流控芯片已被证明 (3-5)，但它们尚未全部集成在一台设备中。现有的 μTAS 技术非常适合基因测试和药物发现过程中常见的高度可预测且均质的样品。然而，当前 μTAS 面临的最大挑战之一是对全血或受污染的环境样本等复杂且异质的样本进行分析。
Recent advances in device miniaturization have led to the development of integrated microfluidic devices, so-called labs-on-a-chip (1, 2). In these tiny microchips etched with grooves and chambers, a multitude of chemical and physical processes for both chemical analysis and synthesis can occur. These devices, also known as micro-total analysis systems (μTAS), can be mass produced in silicon by techniques similar to those used in the semiconductor industry, or for even lower cost, they can be made out of plastics by using casting, cutting, and stamping techniques. They offer many advantages over traditional analytical devices: They consume extremely low volumes of both samples and reagents. Each chip is inexpensive and small. The sampling-to-result time is extremely short. In addition, fluids flowing in microchannels exhibit unique characteristics (“microfluidics”) that allow the design of analytical devices and assay formats that would not function on a macroscale.A true μTAS will perform all analytical functions including sampling, sample pretreatment, separation, dilution, mixing steps, chemical reactions, and detection in an integrated microfluidic circuit. Microfluidic chips that perform all of these individual functions have been demonstrated (3–5), but they have not all been integrated in one device. Existing μTAS technologies work very well for highly predictable and homogeneous samples common in genetic testing and drug discovery processes. One of the biggest challenges for current μTAS, however, is to perform analysis in samples as complex and heterogeneous as whole blood or contaminated environmental samples.