Using Neuroscience to Inform Tobacco Control Policy.
Using Neuroscience to Inform Tobacco Control Policy.
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DOI：
10.1093/ntr/nty057
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发表时间：
2019-05-21
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Munafò MR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Maynard OM;McClernon FJ;Oliver JA;Munafò MR
在神经科学领域采用的技术，如眼动追踪，脑电图和功能性磁共振成像，在告知我们吸烟的认知机制的理解是很重要的。这些技术现在越来越多地用于调查烟草控制政策可能产生的影响。在这篇叙述性综述中，我们概述了这些方法在回答与政策相关的烟草控制研究问题方面的价值，特别关注它们在检查标准化卷烟包装和健康警示的影响方面的应用。我们还研究了这些方法的局限性，并提供了如何使用它们来回答其他政策相关问题的例子。我们认为，神经科学技术可以提供更客观的证据的政策措施的影响，允许调查，这是不可能进行行为操纵，并促进更深入地了解烟草控制政策的影响，如标准化包装，健康警告，点的销售显示，和大众媒体宣传的认知机制。神经科学技术不是取代传统的烟草控制措施检查方法，如观察实验，调查和问卷调查，而是可以补充和扩展这些方法。神经科学技术有助于客观地检查烟草控制措施影响的潜在机制。因此，这些技术可以补充和扩展这一领域通常使用的其他方法，如观察实验，调查和问卷。
Techniques employed in the field of neuroscience, such as eye tracking, electroencephalography, and functional magnetic resonance imaging, have been important in informing our understanding of the cognitive mechanisms underlying tobacco smoking. These techniques are now increasingly being used to investigate the likely impact of tobacco control policies. In this narrative review, we outline the value of these methodological approaches in answering policy-relevant tobacco control research questions, with a particular focus on their use in examining the impact of standardized cigarette packaging and health warnings. We also examine the limitations of these methodologies and provide examples of how they can be used to answer other policy-relevant questions. We argue that neuroscience techniques can provide more objective evidence of the impacts of policy measures, allow investigation where it is not possible to conduct behavioral manipulations, and facilitate a deeper understanding of the cognitive mechanisms underlying the impacts of tobacco control policies such as standardized packaging, health warnings, point-of-sale displays, and mass media campaigns. Rather than replacing more traditional methods of examining tobacco control measures, such as observational experiments, surveys, and questionnaires, neuroscience techniques can complement and extend these methods. Neuroscience techniques facilitate objective examination of the mechanisms underlying the impacts of tobacco control measures. These techniques can therefore complement and extend other methodologies typically used in this field, such as observational experiments, surveys, and questionnaires.
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