Voluntary organizations and the provision of health services in England and France, 1917-29
Voluntary organizations and the provision of health services in England and France, 1917-29
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英国和法国的志愿组织和医疗服务的提供，1917-29 年
DOI：
10.1080/13507486.2023.2247424
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发表时间：
2023
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Doyle B
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Doyle B
随着第一次世界大战的结束，英国和法国政府开始了重建计划。在这两种情况下，保健服务都成为战后解决方案的主要特点，雄心勃勃的新卫生部被提议协调和提供基本服务。公共卫生基础设施是这些计划的核心，导致疾病的物质和社会条件是国家活动的重点。但是，还需要解决造成死亡的主要原因，并改善必要的体制基础设施，以应对对生命的新旧威胁。然而，既没有资金也没有政治意愿来彻底改革这些领域的服务提供。因此，在这两个国家，志愿组织有必要填补新的国家卫生保健承诺所期望或承诺的许多差距。为了满足这些要求，洛克菲勒基金会、红十字会、法国红十字会、圣约翰骑士团、志愿医院和当地慈善机构等许多有关方面都扩大了工作范围。他们的贡献支撑了广泛的混合提供经济，确保以至少满足政府部分承诺的方式重建保健服务。本文重点介绍了战后英国和法国自愿参与卫生工作的三个关键领域：妇幼福利服务;医院服务，特别是结核病的提供;事故应对，特别是救护车服务。报告认为，虽然地方和国家政府侧重于通过环境改造改善健康，但志愿部门介入，扩大个人服务，旨在通过更好的教育和护理挽救个人生命，治愈患有特定疾病的人，并防止死亡。
As the First World War came to an end, governments in the UK and France began the process of planning for reconstruction. In both cases health services emerged as key features of the post-war settlement with ambitious new Ministries of Health proposed to coordinate and deliver essential services. Public health infrastructure was at the heart of these plans, with the physical and social conditions that caused disease to be the focus of state activity. But there was also a need to take on key causes of mortality and improve the institutional infrastructure necessary to challenge old and new threats to life. Yet neither the funding nor political will existed to overhaul service provision in these areas. As a result, in both countries it was necessary for voluntary organizations to fill many of the gaps in provision expected or promised by the new state commitment to health care. To meet these tests a number of interested parties – the Rockefeller Foundation, the Red Cross, the Croix-Rouge Française, the Order of St John, voluntary hospitals and local charities – extended their work. Their contributions underpinned an extensive mixed economy of provision that ensured the reconstruction of health services in a way that met at least some of the promises of government. This article focuses on three key areas of voluntary involvement in health in post-war Britain and France: maternity and child welfare services; hospital services, especially tuberculosis provision; and accident response, in particular ambulance services. It argues that while local and national governments focused on improving health through environmental transformations, the voluntary sector stepped in to extend personal services aimed at saving individual lives, curing those suffering from specific diseases and preventing deaths through better education and care.