The role of ion dissolution in metal and metal oxide surface inactivation of SARS-CoV-2
The role of ion dissolution in metal and metal oxide surface inactivation of SARS-CoV-2
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离子溶解在金属和金属氧化物表面灭活 SARS-CoV-2 中的作用
DOI：
10.1101/2023.09.08.556901
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发表时间：
2023
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Hilton J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Hilton J
抗病毒表面涂层正在开发中，以防止病毒污染物从公共空间的高流量接触表面传播。铜的抗病毒特性已被广泛记录，但铜表面的抗病毒机制尚未完全了解。我们筛选了一系列金属和金属氧化物表面对严重急性呼吸道综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2），冠状病毒疾病（COVID-19）的病原体的抗病毒活性。铜和氧化铜表面表现出上级抗SARS-CoV-2活性;然而，抗病毒活性的水平取决于用于递送病毒接种物的载体溶液的组成。我们证明，从测试表面释放到溶液中的铜离子可以介导病毒灭活，表明铜离子溶解依赖性抗病毒机制。然而，抗病毒活性的水平不依赖于释放到溶液中的铜离子本身的量。相反，我们的研究结果表明，病毒灭活的程度取决于铜离子与其他生物分子（例如，蛋白质/代谢物）与病毒组分竞争。虽然使用组织培养衍生的病毒接种物在实验上便于评估铜衍生的测试表面的抗病毒活性，但我们提出，组织培养基的高有机含量降低了“未络合”铜离子与病毒相互作用的可用性，对病毒灭活产生负面影响，从而影响表面抗病毒性能。我们建议实验室抗病毒表面测试应包括在生理相关载体溶液中递送的病毒（测试呼吸道病毒时的唾液或鼻分泌物），以准确预测部署在公共场所时的真实表面抗病毒性能。重要信息在实验室中测试表面的病毒活性是为了识别当部署在高公共空间的交通接触面。实验室检测中的常规方法是使用组织培养衍生的病毒接种物;然而，本研究表明，含铜测试表面的抗病毒性能取决于病毒接种物输送至测试表面的载体溶液的组成。因此，我们建议实验室表面测试应包括在生理相关载体溶液中递送的病毒，以准确预测公共场所的真实测试表面性能。了解病毒灭活的机制是未来合理设计改进的抗病毒表面的关键。在这里，我们证明了铜离子从铜表面释放到含有SARS-CoV-2的小液滴中是导致COVID-19病毒灭活的一种机制。
Anti-viral surface coatings are under development to prevent viral fomite transmission from high-traffic touch surfaces in public spaces. Copper’s anti-viral properties have been widely documented, but the anti-viral mechanism of copper surfaces is not fully understood. We screened a series of metal and metal oxide surfaces for anti-viral activity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Copper and copper oxide surfaces exhibited superior anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity; however, the level of anti-viral activity was dependent on the composition of the carrier solution used to deliver virus inoculum. We demonstrate that copper ions released into solution from test surfaces can mediate virus inactivation, indicating a copper ion dissolution-dependent anti-viral mechanism. The level of anti-viral activity is, however, not dependent on the amount of copper ions released into solutionper se. Instead, our findings suggest that degree of virus inactivation is dependent on copper ion complexation with other biomolecules (e.g., proteins/metabolites) in the virus carrier solution that compete with viral components. Although using tissue culture-derived virus inoculum is experimentally convenient to evaluate the anti-viral activity of copper-derived test surfaces, we propose that the high organic content of tissue culture medium reduces the availability of “uncomplexed” copper ions to interact with the virus, negatively affecting virus inactivation and hence surface anti-viral performance. We propose that laboratory anti-viral surface testing should include virus delivered in a physiologically relevant carrier solution (saliva or nasal secretions when testing respiratory viruses) to accurately predict real-life surface anti-viral performance when deployed in public spaces.IMPORTANCEThe purpose of evaluating the anti-viral activity of test surfaces in the laboratory is to identify surfaces that will perform efficiently in preventing fomite transmission when deployed on high-traffic touch surfaces in public spaces. The conventional method in laboratory testing is to use tissue culture-derived virus inoculum; however, this study demonstrates that anti-viral performance of test copper-containing surfaces is dependent on the composition of the carrier solution in which the virus inoculum is delivered to test surfaces. Therefore, we recommend that laboratory surface testing should include virus delivered in a physiologically relevant carrier solution to accurately predict real-life test surface performance in public spaces. Understanding the mechanism of virus inactivation is key to future rational design of improved anti-viral surfaces. Here, we demonstrate that release of copper ions from copper surfaces into small liquid droplets containing SARS-CoV-2 is a mechanism by which the virus that causes COVID-19 can be inactivated.