Sulfate geoengineering: a review of the factors controlling the needed injection of sulfur dioxide
Sulfate geoengineering: a review of the factors controlling the needed injection of sulfur dioxide
复制标题
硫酸盐地球工程：控制二氧化硫注入所需因素的回顾
DOI：
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复制
发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
V. Aquila
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
D. Visioni;G. Pitari;V. Aquila
抽象。硫酸盐地球工程已被提出作为一种负担得起的和气候有效的手段，暂时抵消所产生的温室气体（WMGHGs）的混合增加的变暖。在全球政府间关于温室气体排放的措施实施期间和之后，可能必须采用这一技术，以实现地表温度稳定。在热带平流层下部注入硫的直接辐射效应可以概括为增加短波散射，随之而来的对流层冷却和增加长波吸收平流层变暖。间接辐射效应与下列因素有关：臭氧分布的诱发变化;平流层水汽丰度;对流层上部卷云冰粒的形成和大小;以及长寿物种的寿命，即通过若干光化学机制与OH变化有关的CH 4。硫酸盐地球工程的直接和间接影响都决定了大气响应。回顾以往的研究对这些影响的概述，与控制的二氧化硫注入量的重要因素，在实验的最终实现。然而，我们需要考虑到，用于这些研究的大气模型显示出对平流层火山气溶胶的反应具有广泛的气候敏感性和差异。此外，在对其中一些气溶胶影响的估计中存在很大的不确定性。
Abstract. Sulfate geoengineering has been proposed as an affordable and climate-effective means to temporarily offset the warming produced by the increase of well-mixed greenhouse gases (WMGHGs). This technique would likely have to be applied while and after global intergovernmental measures on emissions of WMGHGs are implemented in order to achieve surface temperature stabilization. The direct radiative effects of sulfur injection in the tropical lower stratosphere can be summarized as increasing shortwave scattering with consequent tropospheric cooling and increasing longwave absorption with stratospheric warming. Indirect radiative effects are related to induced changes in the ozone distribution; stratospheric water vapor abundance,;formation and size of upper-tropospheric cirrus ice particles; and lifetime of long-lived species, namely CH4 in connection with OH changes through several photochemical mechanisms. Direct and indirect effects of sulfate geoengineering both concur to determine the atmospheric response. A review of previous studies on these effects is presented here, with an outline of the important factors that control the amount of sulfur dioxide to be injected in an eventual realization of the experiment. However, we need to take into account that atmospheric models used for these studies have shown a wide range of climate sensitivity and differences in the response to stratospheric volcanic aerosols. In addition, large uncertainties exist in the estimate of some of these aerosol effects.
影响因子：
6.3
作者：
U. Niemeier;C. Timmreck
通讯作者：
U. Niemeier;C. Timmreck