Mitochondrial dynamics in neuronal injury, development and plasticity
Mitochondrial dynamics in neuronal injury, development and plasticity
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神经元损伤、发育和可塑性中的线粒体动力学
DOI：
10.1242/jcs.171017
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发表时间：
2017-02-15
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Strack, Stefan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Flippo, Kyle H.;Strack, Stefan
线粒体履行许多细胞功能，包括ATP产生、Ca2+缓冲、神经递质合成和降解、ROS产生和隔离、凋亡和中间代谢。线粒体动力学是线粒体分裂、融合和运输过程的总称，它控制着细胞内线粒体的功能和定位。线粒体动力学的正确平衡在神经元中尤其重要，因为裂变和融合酶的突变导致人类周围神经病变和神经系统发育受损。线粒体动力学的调节部分通过线粒体分裂和融合酶的翻译后修饰来完成，进而影响线粒体生物能量学和运输。翻译后调节的重要性通过与线粒体分裂酶Drp1的翻译后修饰相关的许多神经退行性疾病而突出。毫不奇怪，线粒体动力学在神经系统和突触可塑性的发育中也起着重要的生理作用。在这里，我们强调了最近的研究结果的机制和调节线粒体动力学与神经系统疾病，以及神经系统的发展和可塑性。
Mitochondria fulfill numerous cellular functions including ATP production, Ca2+ buffering, neurotransmitter synthesis and degradation, ROS production and sequestration, apoptosis and intermediate metabolism. Mitochondrial dynamics, a collective term for the processes of mitochondrial fission, fusion and transport, governs mitochondrial function and localization within the cell. Correct balance of mitochondrial dynamics is especially important in neurons as mutations in fission and fusion enzymes cause peripheral neuropathies and impaired development of the nervous system in humans. Regulation of mitochondrial dynamics is partly accomplished through post-translational modification of mitochondrial fission and fusion enzymes, in turn influencing mitochondrial bioenergetics and transport. The importance of post-translational regulation is highlighted by numerous neurodegenerative disorders associated with post-translational modification of the mitochondrial fission enzyme Drp1. Not surprisingly, mitochondrial dynamics also play an important physiological role in the development of the nervous system and synaptic plasticity. Here, we highlight recent findings underlying the mechanisms and regulation of mitochondrial dynamics in relation to neurological disease, as well as the development and plasticity of the nervous system.