Ratios rather than concentrations of nutritionally important elements may shape honey bee preferences for 'dirty water'
Ratios rather than concentrations of nutritionally important elements may shape honey bee preferences for 'dirty water'
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DOI：
10.1111/een.13067
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发表时间：
2021-07-05
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Shields, Morgan W.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cairns, Sarah M.;Wratten, Steve D.;Shields, Morgan W.
1.蜜蜂需要矿物质来提供完整的饮食。然而，花中的矿物质在浓度和成分上可能不足。因此，蜜蜂可能会从水坑等自然资源中喝“脏水”。一些研究试图通过蜜蜂生物测定来模拟这一点，但到目前为止，这些都是单独测试矿物质，而不是像自然界中出现的混合物。在这里，我们第一次在生物测定中使用蜜蜂，其中一系列矿物混合物在选择实验中一起呈现。2.六种矿物质（NaCl，KCl，CaCl2，MgCl2，NH4Cl和KH2PO4）的混合物，以模拟不同的矿物化学计量，这可能会发生在“脏水”，如水坑，蜜蜂经常喝。基于来自文献的蜜蜂矿物质耐受范围，这些混合物以低、中、高和混合摩尔浓度在水溶液中提供。去离子水和蔗糖分别为中性和阳性对照。在实验室的容器中设置培养皿。20只工蜂（Apis mellifera L.）并观察饮用行为1小时。3.蜜蜂喜欢的混合摩尔处理包括高Na：K比，中等摩尔浓度的NaCl和低摩尔浓度的其他矿物质。这一新的发现表明，混合矿物质的“脏水”应该在更大规模的调查与多个蜂箱在外地，并强调化学计量平衡的蜜蜂饮食的重要性。
1. Honey bees require minerals for a complete diet. However, minerals from flowers can be inadequate in concentration and composition. Therefore, honey bees may drink 'dirty water' from natural sources such as puddles. Some research has attempted to simulate this through honey bee bioassays, but to date, these have tested minerals individually, not as mixtures as would occur in nature. Here, for the first time, we use honey bees in bioassays in which a range of mineral mixtures are presented together in choice experiments. 2. Six minerals (NaCl, KCl, CaCl2, MgCl2, NH4Cl, and KH2PO4) were used in mixtures to simulate different mineral stoichiometries, which may occur in 'dirty water', such as puddles, from which honey bees often drink. Based on the honey bee mineral tolerance ranges from the literature, these mixtures were offered in aqueous solutions at low, medium, high, and mixed molar concentrations. Deionised water and sucrose were neutral and positive controls, respectively. Petri dishes were set up in containers in a laboratory. Twenty worker honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) were placed into each container and observed for drinking behaviour for 1 h. 3. Honey bees preferred the mixed molar treatment comprising a high Na:K ratio, a medium molarity of NaCl and a low molarity of the other minerals. This novel finding suggests that mixed mineral 'dirty water' should be investigated on a larger scale with multiple hives in the field and highlights the importance of stoichiometrically balanced honey bee diets.