The order of disorder: Deconstructing visual disorder and its effect on rule-breaking.
The order of disorder: Deconstructing visual disorder and its effect on rule-breaking.
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无序的秩序：解构视觉障碍及其对违反规则的影响。
DOI：
10.1037/xge0000240
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发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Berman, Marc G.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Kotabe, Hiroki P.;Kardan, Omid;Berman, Marc G.
无序的环境与无序的行为有关。破窗理论（Wilson & Kelling，1982）是一个关于犯罪和违规的有影响力的理论，它假设场景级别的社会障碍线索（例如，垃圾，涂鸦）会导致人们认为他们可以逃脱违规。但是，如果故事的一部分不是关于这种复杂的社会推理呢？最近的研究表明，基本的视觉障碍线索可能足以鼓励复杂的违规行为。为了验证这一假设，我们首先进行了一组实验（实验1-3），在这些实验中，我们确定了基本的视觉障碍线索，这些线索概括了具有各种语义内容的视觉刺激。我们的研究结果表明，空间特征（如，非直线边缘，不对称性）比颜色特征（如，色调，饱和度，价值）的视觉障碍更重要。利用这一知识，我们重建刺激对比视觉障碍，但缺乏场景级的社会障碍线索，以测试是否视觉障碍单独鼓励作弊的第二组实验（实验4和5）。在这些实验中，操纵视觉障碍使作弊的可能性增加了35%，作弊的平均幅度增加了87%。这项工作表明，打破规则的理论，假设复杂的社会推理（例如，关于规范，警务，贫困）是必要的，应该重新考虑（例如，Kelling & Coles，1997; Sampson & Raudenbush，2004）。此外，这些实验表明，环境的简单感知特性可以影响复杂的行为，并揭示了我们的行为在多大程度上是在我们的控制之内。（PsycINFO数据库记录（c）2016阿帕，保留所有权利）
Disorderly environments are linked to disorderly behaviors. Broken windows theory (Wilson & Kelling, 1982), an influential theory of crime and rule-breaking, assumes that scene-level social disorder cues (eg, litter, graffiti) cause people to reason that they can get away with breaking rules. But what if part of the story is not about such complex social reasoning? Recent research suggests that basic visual disorder cues may be sufficient to encourage complex rule-breaking behavior. To test this hypothesis, we first conducted a set of experiments (Experiments 1–3) in which we identified basic visual disorder cues that generalize across visual stimuli with a variety of semantic content. Our results revealed that spatial features (eg, nonstraight edges, asymmetry) are more important than color features (eg, hue, saturation, value) for visual disorder. Exploiting this knowledge, we then reconstructed stimuli contrasted in terms of visual disorder, but absent of scene-level social disorder cues, to test whether visual disorder alone encourages cheating in a second set of experiments (Experiments 4 and 5). In these experiments, manipulating visual disorder increased the likelihood of cheating by up to 35% and the average magnitude of cheating by up to 87%. This work suggests that theories of rule-breaking that assume that complex social reasoning (eg, about norms, policing, poverty) is necessary, should be reconsidered (eg, Kelling & Coles, 1997; Sampson & Raudenbush, 2004). Furthermore, these experiments show that simple perceptual properties of the environment can affect complex behavior and sheds light on the extent to which our actions are within our control.(PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)