Simulation-Based Counterfactual Causal Discovery on Real World Driver Behaviour

Simulation-Based Counterfactual Causal Discovery on Real World Driver Behaviour
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基于模拟的现实世界驾驶员行为的反事实因果发现

DOI:
10.1109/iv55152.2023.10186705
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发表时间:
2023
期刊:
--
影响因子:
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通讯作者:
Howard R
Howard R
中科院分区:
--
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作者:
Howard R

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能够推理出一个人的行为如何影响他人的行为是智能驾驶代理所需要的核心技能。尽管如此,目前的技术仍在努力满足智能体发现自身与他人之间因果关系的需求。由于动态环境中因果关系的非平稳性,以及因果相互作用的稀疏性,观察方法很难在在线方式下工作。同时,由于车辆无法在公共道路上试验其行为,因此干预方法是不切实际的。为了解决非平稳性问题,我们根据提取的事件重新制定问题,而前面提到的干预限制可以通过使用反事实模拟来克服。我们提出了所提出的反事实因果发现方法的三种变体,并对从真实世界驾驶数据集中提取的3396个因果场景的最先进的观测时间因果发现方法进行了评估。我们发现,所提出的方法在定量上明显优于所提出任务的最新技术,并且可以通过比较一系列替代决策的结果来提供额外的见解,这是观察和干预方法无法做到的。
Being able to reason about how one’s behaviour can affect the behaviour of others is a core skill required of intelligent driving agents. Despite this, the state of the art struggles to meet the need of agents to discover causal links between themselves and others. Observational approaches struggle because of the non-stationarity of causal links in dynamic environments, and the sparsity of causal interactions while requiring the approaches to work in an online fashion. Meanwhile interventional approaches are impractical as a vehicle cannot experiment with its actions on a public road. To counter the issue of non-stationarity we reformulate the problem in terms of extracted events, while the previously mentioned restriction upon interventions can be overcome with the use of counterfactual simulation. We present three variants of the proposed counterfactual causal discovery method and evaluate these against state of the art observational temporal causal discovery methods across 3396 causal scenes extracted from a real world driving dataset. We find that the proposed method significantly outperforms the state of the art on the proposed task quantitatively and can offer additional insights by comparing the outcome of an alternate series of decisions in a way that observational and interventional approaches cannot.
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