Farmland scale and chemical fertilizer use in rural China: New evidence from the perspective of nutrient elements
Farmland scale and chemical fertilizer use in rural China: New evidence from the perspective of nutrient elements
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中国农村耕地规模与化肥使用：营养元素视角的新证据
DOI：
10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.134278
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发表时间：
2022-09-26
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Zhang, Linxiu
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Guo, Jianbing;Li, Chang;Zhang, Linxiu
化肥的过度使用造成了严重的农业污染。许多研究分析了农田规模对化肥使用的影响。肥料含有不同的营养元素，如氮、磷、钾，但很少有证据表明农田规模对营养元素施用量的影响。本研究利用中国5个省份1015户农户的微观调查数据，从营养元素角度实证识别了耕地规模对化肥施用的影响。工具变量法用于解决内生性问题。结果表明:农田规模对化肥总施氮量和尿素施氮量有显着负向影响,但对非尿素施氮量、磷施用量和钾施用量影响不显着。农场平均规模每增加1%，氮肥施用量平均减少0.93%。异质性分析表明，不同作物、不同性别、不同户主年龄、不同文化程度的群体中，耕地规模对氮肥施用量的影响存在差异，耕地流转比例也存在差异。规模效应仅在玉米种植中出现。耕地流转比例较高，化肥减量的规模效应不太明显。研究结果提供了新的见解：农田规模对养分元素施用量具有异质性影响，减肥应重点关注非尿素氮肥施用量。
Chemical fertilizer overuse has resulted in serious agricultural pollution. Many studies have analyzed the effect of farmland scale on fertilizer use. Fertilizer has different nutrient elements, such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, but little evidence of the effect of farmland scale on nutrient elements application rate has been found. Using micro-survey data of 1015 households across 5 provinces of China, this study empirically identified the effect of farmland scale on fertilizer use from the perspective of nutrient elements. The instrumental variable method was used to solve endogenous problems. Results showed that farmland scale had a significant negative impact on the total nitrogen application rate from fertilizer and the nitrogen application rate from urea but had no statistically significant impact on the nitrogen application rate from non-urea, phosphorus application rate or potassium application rate. The nitrogen application rate on average decreased by 0.93% for each 1% increase in average farm scale. Heterogeneity analysis indicated that the effect of farmland scale on the nitrogen application rate were different among groups with different crops, gender, age and education of head of household, and differences in proportion of farmland transfer. Scale effect was found only in maize cultivation. The proportion of farmland transfer is higher, the scale effect for fertilizer reduction is less obvious. The findings offer new insights that farmland scale has heterogeneity effects on nutrient element application rates and fertilizer reduction should focus on nitrogen application rate from non-urea.