Integrating Multidisciplinary Observations in Vent Environments (IMOVE): Decadal Progress in Deep-Sea Observatories at Hydrothermal Vents-猫眼课题宝

DOI：

10.3389/fmars.2022.866422

发表时间：

2022-05

期刊：

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其他

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作者：

M. Matabos;T. Barreyre;S. Juniper;M. Cannat;D. Kelley;Joan M. Alfaro-Lucas;V. Chavagnac;A. Colaço;J. Escartín;E. Escobar;D. Fornari;J. Hasenclever;J. Huber;A. Laës-Huon;N. Lantéri;L. Levin;S. Mihaly;E. Mittelstaedt;F. Pradillon;P. Sarradin;J. Sarrazin;B. Tomasi;R. Venkatesan;C. Vic

与大洋中脊（莫尔）热液喷口系统相关的独特生态系统和生物多样性与周围的深海生境形成鲜明对比，但两者都可能日益受到人类活动的威胁（例如，块状硫化物矿床的采矿活动）。气候变化可以通过增加海底温度、氧气损失和改变深水循环来改变深海。尽管这些深刻的影响的潜力，使这些系统及其生态系统的持续，功能和响应海洋，地壳和人为力量的机制仍然知之甚少。这主要是因为在进入、观察和监测深海方面存在技术挑战和困难。在此背景下，2000年代深海观测站的发展重点是了解地下水流与海洋和地壳条件之间的耦合，以及它们如何影响生物过程。深海观测站提供长期、多学科的时间序列数据，包括通过有线、无线、遥控和自主测量系统的组合，以数秒至数十年的时间分辨率进行重复观测和采样。现有的三个喷口观测站位于胡安·德富卡和大西洋中脊（海洋观测倡议、加拿大海洋网络和欧洲多学科海底和水柱观测站）。这些观测站通过界定有效的环境监测来促进管理，包括确定生物和环境基线状态的特征，区分自然变异引起的变化和人为活动引起的变化，以及评估退化、复原力和扰动后的恢复。这突出表明，在气候变化和其他人类活动，主要是海洋采矿方面，观测站有潜力成为环境影响评估的宝贵工具。本文综述了过去十年三个天文台所取得的科学进步，并建议通过国际合作和协调支持未来的研究。拟议的建议包括：㈠确定共同的全球科学问题，并确定MORs特有的基本海洋变量，㈡指导有效利用观测站，以支持和通报可能影响社会的政策，㈢有助于传感器、数据格式和能力标准化的观测站基础设施发展战略，以及iv）未来的技术需求和共同的采样方法，以回答当今最紧迫和最及时的问题。

The unique ecosystems and biodiversity associated with mid-ocean ridge (MOR) hydrothermal vent systems contrast sharply with surrounding deep-sea habitats, however both may be increasingly threatened by anthropogenic activity (e.g., mining activities at massive sulphide deposits). Climate change can alter the deep-sea through increased bottom temperatures, loss of oxygen, and modifications to deep water circulation. Despite the potential of these profound impacts, the mechanisms enabling these systems and their ecosystems to persist, function and respond to oceanic, crustal, and anthropogenic forces remain poorly understood. This is due primarily to technological challenges and difficulties in accessing, observing and monitoring the deep-sea. In this context, the development of deep-sea observatories in the 2000s focused on understanding the coupling between sub-surface flow and oceanic and crustal conditions, and how they influence biological processes. Deep-sea observatories provide long-term, multidisciplinary time-series data comprising repeated observations and sampling at temporal resolutions from seconds to decades, through a combination of cabled, wireless, remotely controlled, and autonomous measurement systems. The three existing vent observatories are located on the Juan de Fuca and Mid-Atlantic Ridges (Ocean Observing Initiative, Ocean Networks Canada and the European Multidisciplinary Seafloor and water column Observatory). These observatories promote stewardship by defining effective environmental monitoring including characterizing biological and environmental baseline states, discriminating changes from natural variations versus those from anthropogenic activities, and assessing degradation, resilience and recovery after disturbance. This highlights the potential of observatories as valuable tools for environmental impact assessment (EIA) in the context of climate change and other anthropogenic activities, primarily ocean mining. This paper provides a synthesis on scientific advancements enabled by the three observatories this last decade, and recommendations to support future studies through international collaboration and coordination. The proposed recommendations include: i) establishing common global scientific questions and identification of Essential Ocean Variables (EOVs) specific to MORs, ii) guidance towards the effective use of observatories to support and inform policies that can impact society, iii) strategies for observatory infrastructure development that will help standardize sensors, data formats and capabilities, and iv) future technology needs and common sampling approaches to answer today’s most urgent and timely questions.

Integrating Multidisciplinary Observations in Vent Environments (IMOVE): Decadal Progress in Deep-Sea Observatories at Hydrothermal Vents

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