Passive material behavior of granulocytes based on large deformation and recovery after deformation tests.
Passive material behavior of granulocytes based on large deformation and recovery after deformation tests.
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DOI：
10.1182/blood.v64.5.1028.bloodjournal6451028
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发表时间：
1984-11
期刊：
影响因子：
20.3
通讯作者：
E. Evans;B. Kukan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
E. Evans;B. Kukan
为了更好地了解白色细胞的体内流变行为，我们研究了血液粒细胞的时间依赖性变形性、恢复和机械活化。我们使用微量吸管抽吸方法来测量中性粒细胞变形后的大变形响应和恢复特征随时间、温度和收集介质的变化。吸管实验中的细胞反应的特征在于由三个时域：第一阶段是被动变形响应固定的吸力;第二阶段是一个明显的过渡，从被动到主动运动的细胞状态，细胞表现出不稳定的长度变化的吸管;和第三阶段是稳定的恢复后，吸力压力已归零。用三种不同的抗凝剂对白色细胞进行测试，以评估钙对变形和恢复行为的影响;此外，通过在高分子量葡聚糖中离心分离细胞，以确定收集和分离程序是否影响细胞特性。我们的研究结果表明，被动变形的粒细胞进入吸管是一个连续的流动过程，没有接近静态变形极限。此外，存在明显的阈值压力，低于该阈值压力，细胞不会变形并进入微量移液器。对于吸入压力明显高于阈值，粒细胞连续变形，具有类似的功能依赖于时间。抽吸长度和时间之间的比例系数以及指数取决于抽吸压力、移液管尺寸和温度。观察到粒细胞在变形后总是恢复到球形状态，与变形的程度或细胞被抽吸的位置无关。基于恢复行为，再加上压力阈值对移液管大小的依赖性，我们提出了这样的概念，即粒细胞膜和皮质壳在张力下表现得像一个“收缩表面地毯”，其中细胞内部被动地响应，就像一个高粘度的液体。膜皮质似乎受到约10（-2）达因/厘米的持续应力（张力）。我们在吸管抽吸实验中观察到的被动到主动的转变表明，在室温下，粒细胞可以通过变形来刺激。这项研究代表了第一次详细调查的大变形行为的粒细胞，结果表明一个简单的结构模型来代表被动流变行为的粒细胞。
In order to better understand the in vivo rheologic behavior of white cells, we have studied the time-dependent deformability, recovery, and mechanical activation of blood granulocytes. We have used micropipette aspiration methods to measure the large deformation response and recovery after deformation characteristics of neutrophils as functions of time, temperature, and collecting media. The cell response in the pipette experiment was characterized by three time domains: the first phase was the passive deformation response to the fixed suction pressure; the second phase was an obvious transition from the passive to active motile cellular state where the cell exhibited erratic length changes in the pipette; and the third phase was the steady recovery after the suction pressure had been zeroed. Tests on white cells were carried out with three different anticoagulants to evaluate the effect of calcium on deformation and recovery behavior; also, cells were separated by centrifugation in high molecular weight dextran to determine whether or not collection and separation procedures affected the cell properties. Our results have shown that the passive deformation of granulocytes into the pipette was a continuous flow process with no approach to a static deformation limit. In addition, there was an obvious threshold pressure below which the cell would not deform and enter the micropipette. For suction pressures significantly above the threshold, granulocytes were continuously deformed with a similar functional dependence on time. The coefficient of proportionality between aspiration length and time, as well as the exponent, depended on suction pressure, pipette dimension, and temperature. It was observed that the granulocytes always recovered to the spherical state after deformation, independent of the extent of deformation or location where the cell was aspirated. Based on the recovery behavior, plus the dependence of the pressure threshold on pipette size, we propose the concept that the granulocyte membrane and cortical shell behave like a "contractile surface carpet" under tension, where the cell interior responds passively like a highly viscous liquid. The membrane cortex appears to be subject to a persistent stress (tension) of about 10(-2) dyne/cm. Our observations of passive to active transition in the pipette suction experiment indicated that granulocytes may be stimulated by deformation at room temperature. This study represents the first detailed investigation of the large deformation behavior of granulocytes, and the results indicate a simple structural model to represent the passive rheologic behavior of the granulocyte.