Biting injuries and transmission of Tasmanian devil facial tumour disease
Biting injuries and transmission of Tasmanian devil facial tumour disease
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1365-2656.2012.02025.x
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发表时间：
2013-01-01
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Jones, Menna
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hamede, Rodrigo K.;McCallum, Hamish;Jones, Menna
袋獾面部肿瘤疾病（DFTD）威胁着袋獾的灭绝，这是一种独特的传染性癌症，其中肿瘤细胞本身来自一个长期死亡的宿主袋獾，是感染因子，肿瘤是一种传染性寄生细胞系。传播被认为是通过易感和受感染个体相互咬伤时直接接种肿瘤细胞或通过肿瘤细胞的原虫转移发生的。传播的性质以及咬人行为和魔鬼生态与感染风险的关联程度仍不清楚。直到我们最近在塔斯马尼亚州西北部的研究显示种群和个体的影响减少，DFTD在所有监测的种群中造成了大规模的种群下降。在本文中，我们调查了个体之间咬伤造成的伤害的季节性模式，DFTD感染状况和两个人群的肿瘤位置，以确定咬伤的数量是否预测了DFTD的获得，并探讨了塔斯马尼亚西北部DFTD影响减少的可能性，这归因于咬率的降低。咬伤较少的魔鬼更容易发展成DFTD，原发肿瘤主要发生在口腔内。这些结果与从咬人者到被咬动物的传播并不一致，但表明咬人的优势个体（可能是通过咬其他魔鬼的肿瘤）比被咬的服从个体感染的风险更高。咬伤率在秋季和冬季较高，不同地点之间没有差异，这表明塔斯马尼亚西北部的咬伤率降低不能用较低的咬伤率来解释。我们的研究强调了单独标记动物的纵向研究对于了解野生种群中传染病和寄生虫的生态学和传播动力学的重要性。
The Tasmanian devil is threatened with extinction by devil facial tumour disease (DFTD), a unique infectious cancer in which the tumour cells themselves, which derive from a single long-dead host devil, are the infective agent and the tumour is an infectious parasitic cell line. Transmission is thought to occur via direct inoculation of tumour cells when susceptible and infected individuals bite each other or by fomitic transfer of tumour cells. The nature of transmission and the extent to which biting behaviour and devil ecology is associated with infection risk remains unclear. Until our recent study in north-west Tasmania showed reduced population and individual impacts, DFTD had caused massive population declines in all populations monitored. In this paper, we investigate seasonal patterns of injuries resulting from bites between individuals, DFTD infection status and tumour location in two populations to determine whether the number of bites predicts the acquisition of DFTD and to explore the possibility that the reduced impacts of DFTD in north-west Tasmania are attributed to reduced bite rates. Devils with fewer bites were more likely to develop DFTD and primary tumours occurred predominantly inside the oral cavity. These results are not consistent with transmission occurring from the biter to the bitten animal but suggest that dominant individuals delivering bites, possibly by biting the tumours of other devils, are at higher risk of acquiring infection than submissive individuals receiving bites. Bite rates, which were higher during autumn and winter, did not differ between sites, suggesting that the reduced population impacts in north-west Tasmania cannot be explained by lower bite rates. Our study emphasizes the importance of longitudinal studies of individually marked animals for understanding the ecology and transmission dynamics of infectious diseases and parasites in wild populations.