Toddler regulation of distress to frustrating events: Temperamental and maternal correlates
Toddler regulation of distress to frustrating events: Temperamental and maternal correlates
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DOI：
10.1016/s0163-6383(98)90015-7
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发表时间：
1998-01-01
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
Johnson, MC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Calkins, SD;Johnson, MC
73位母亲及其18个月大的幼儿在一系列实验室程序中接受了观察，这些程序旨在评估生理唤醒、挫折痛苦、情绪调节和母亲互动方式之间的关系。生理唤醒通过迷走神经张力和心跳周期的基线测量来评估。痛苦在四个独立的情境中进行评估，这些情境旨在引发对挫折事件的痛苦反应的强度、频率、持续时间和潜伏期。调节通过检查儿童在面临四项挫折任务时的行为（攻击性、注意力分散、面向母亲、建设性应对）来评估。母亲的互动方式通过检查母亲在四项母子任务中对儿童行为管理的策略（消极控制、积极引导、先发制人的干预）来评估。对挫折任务的痛苦与攻击性/发泄行为有关，与更具适应性策略的使用呈负相关。母亲的干预与对挫折事件的痛苦有关，而母亲的积极引导与注意力分散和面向母亲的调节行为的使用有关。这些发现从早期发展中情绪调节的适应性价值方面进行了讨论。
Seventy-three mothers and their 18-month-old toddlers were observed in a series of laboratory procedures designed to assess relations among physiological arousal, frustration distress, emotion regulation and maternal interactive style. Physiological arousal was assessed using baseline measures of vagal tone and heart period. Distress was assessed across four separate episodes designed to elicit the intensity, frequency, duration and latency of the distress response to frustrating events. Regulation was assessed by examining the child's behaviors (aggression, distraction, mother-orientation, constructive coping) whet: confronted by the four frustration tasks. Maternal interactive style was assessed by examining mothers' strategies for child behavior management (negative controlling, positive guidance, preemptive interference) during four mother-child tasks. Distress to the frustrating tasks was related to aggression/acting-out behaviors, and negatively related to the use of more adaptive strategies. Maternal interference was related to distress to the frustrating events, while maternal positive guidance was related to the use of distraction and mother-oriented regulating behaviors. These findings ae discussed in terms of the adaptive value of emotion regulation in early development.