Factors influencing full immunization coverage among 12-23 months of age children in Ethiopia: evidence from the national demographic and health survey in 2011.
Factors influencing full immunization coverage among 12-23 months of age children in Ethiopia: evidence from the national demographic and health survey in 2011.
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DOI：
10.1186/s12889-015-2078-6
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发表时间：
2015-07-30
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
Biadgilign S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lakew Y;Bekele A;Biadgilign S
免疫接种仍然是降低儿童发病率和死亡率的最重要的公共卫生干预措施之一。2011年全国人口和健康调查显示，埃塞俄比亚12-23个月大的儿童全面免疫覆盖率很低。人们对造成免疫覆盖率低的因素知之甚少。这项研究的目的是确定与埃塞俄比亚12-23个月大的儿童全面免疫覆盖率相关的因素。这项研究使用了2011年埃塞俄比亚人口和健康调查数据。调查采用横断面设计，采用多阶段整群抽样程序。从儿童数据集中提取了1，927名子女年龄在12-23个月的母亲。母亲自我报告的数据和对疫苗接种卡的观察结果被用来确定疫苗接种率。采用校正比值比（AOR）和95%置信区间（CI）来概述独立预测因子。完全免疫儿童的流行率为24.3%。百白破三联、脊灰三联、麻疹三联和卡介苗接种率分别为36.5%、44.3%、55.7%和66.3%。多因素分析显示，接种卡信息来源[AOR 95%CI; 7.7（5.95-10.06）]，出生后2个月内接受产后检查[AOR 95%CI; 1.8（1.28-2.56）]、妇女对社区对话计划的认识[AOR 95%CI; 1.9（1.44-2.49）]和富裕妇女财富指数[AOR 95% CI; 1.4（1.06-1.94）]是完全免疫覆盖率的预测因素。来自远方的妇女[AOR 95% CI; 0.07（0.01-0.68）]，Amhara [AOR 95% CI; 0.33（0.13-0.81）]，Oromiya [AOR 95% CI; 0.15（0.06-0.37）]，索马里人[AOR 95% CI; 0.15（0.04-0.55）]和南部民族和少数民族行政区[AOR 95% CI; 0.35（0.14-0.87）]不太可能完全接种他们的孩子。与国家目标（66%）相比，埃塞俄比亚的全面免疫覆盖率相当低。保健服务的使用和获得妇幼保健信息的机会被认为可以预测全面免疫覆盖率。应制定适当的战略，通过解决各区域之间的差异，加强保健信息和获得全面免疫的机会。
Immunization remains one of the most important public health interventions to reduce child morbidity and mortality. The 2011 national demographic and health survey (DHS) indicated low full immunization coverage among children aged 12–23 months in Ethiopia. Factors contributing to the low coverage of immunization have been poorly understood. The aim of this study was to identify factors associated with full immunization coverage among children aged 12–23 months in Ethiopia. This study used the 2011 Ethiopian demographic and health survey data. The survey was cross sectional by design and used a multistage cluster sampling procedure. A total of 1,927 mothers with children of 12–23 months of age were extracted from the children’s dataset. Mothers’ self-reported data and observations of vaccination cards were used to determine vaccine coverage. An adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with 95 % confidence intervals (CI) was used to outline the independent predictors. The prevalence of fully immunized children was 24.3 %. Specific vaccination coverage for three doses of DPT, three doses of polio, measles and BCG were 36.5 %, 44.3 %, 55.7 % and 66.3 %, respectively. The multivariable analysis showed that sources of information from vaccination card [AOR 95 % CI; 7.7 (5.95-10.06)], received postnatal check-up within two months after birth [AOR 95 % CI; 1.8 (1.28-2.56)], women’s awareness of community conversation program [AOR 95 % CI; 1.9 (1.44-2.49)] and women in the rich wealth index [AOR 95 % CI; 1.4 (1.06-1.94)] were the predictors of full immunization coverage. Women from Afar [AOR 95 % CI; 0.07 (0.01-0.68)], Amhara [AOR 95 % CI; 0.33 (0.13-0.81)], Oromiya [AOR 95 % CI; 0.15 (0.06-0.37)], Somali [AOR 95 % CI; 0.15 (0.04-0.55)] and Southern Nation and Nationalities People administrative regions [AOR 95 % CI; 0.35 (0.14-0.87)] were less likely to fully vaccinate their children. The overall full immunization coverage in Ethiopia was considerably low as compared to the national target set (66 %). Health service use and access to information on maternal and child health were found to predict full immunization coverage. Appropriate strategies should be devised to enhance health information and accessibility for full immunization coverage by addressing the variations among regions.