From attention to memory along the dorsal-ventral axis of the medial prefrontal cortex: some methodological considerations.
From attention to memory along the dorsal-ventral axis of the medial prefrontal cortex: some methodological considerations.
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DOI：
10.3389/fnsys.2014.00160
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发表时间：
2014
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Pezze MA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cassaday HJ;Nelson AJ;Pezze MA
沿内侧前额叶皮层（mPFC）背腹侧轴，在前扣带（AC），前边缘（PL）和边缘下（IL）亚区之间的区别，已经提出了各种神经解剖学和神经生理学的理由。传统的损伤方法（以及一些电生理学研究）已经表明，这些区别与功能有关，因为许多行为分离已经被证明，特别是使用啮齿动物的注意力、学习和记忆模型。例如，有证据表明，AC在注意力方面的作用相对更大，而IL则更多地参与执行功能。然而，成熟的行为神经科学方法有其局限性，即没有解决神经调节问题。神经毒素6-羟多巴胺已被用于mPFC亚区多巴胺（DA）的消耗，但这些病变在解剖学上不是选择性的，去甲肾上腺素通常也会被消耗。通过留置套管微量输注药物提供了另一种方法，以解决神经调节的作用，以及mPFC亚区中特定受体亚型的作用，但这种治疗的效果也不能假设受到解剖学上的限制。新方法的功能描述的作用的mPFC在注意，学习和记忆也将考虑。孤立地看，作为一线方法的传统病变方法可能表明，特定的mPFC子区域对于功能的特定方面不是必需的。然而，这并不排除神经调节作用，需要更多的神经精神药理学方法来解释结果中一些明显的不一致。
Distinctions along the dorsal-ventral axis of medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), between anterior cingulate (AC), prelimbic (PL), and infralimbic (IL) sub-regions, have been proposed on a variety of neuroanatomical and neurophysiological grounds. Conventional lesion approaches (as well as some electrophysiological studies) have shown that these distinctions relate to function in that a number behavioral dissociations have been demonstrated, particularly using rodent models of attention, learning, and memory. For example, there is evidence to suggest that AC has a relatively greater role in attention, whereas IL is more involved in executive function. However, the well-established methods of behavioral neuroscience have the limitation that neuromodulation is not addressed. The neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine has been used to deplete dopamine (DA) in mPFC sub-regions, but these lesions are not selective anatomically and noradrenalin is typically also depleted. Microinfusion of drugs through indwelling cannulae provides an alternative approach, to address the role of neuromodulation and moreover that of specific receptor subtypes within mPFC sub-regions, but the effects of such treatments cannot be assumed to be anatomically restricted either. New methodological approaches to the functional delineation of the role of mPFC in attention, learning and memory will also be considered. Taken in isolation, the conventional lesion methods which have been a first line of approach may suggest that a particular mPFC sub-region is not necessary for a particular aspect of function. However, this does not exclude a neuromodulatory role and more neuropsychopharmacological approaches are needed to explain some of the apparent inconsistencies in the results.