Imprinted genes, placental development and fetal growth
Imprinted genes, placental development and fetal growth
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DOI：
10.1159/000091506
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发表时间：
2006-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Constancial, M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Fowden, AL;Sibley, C;Constancial, M
在哺乳动物中，印记基因在胎盘发育中起着重要作用。它们影响胎盘的生长、形态和营养转移能力，从而控制胎儿生长的营养供应。特别是，相互印记的Igf2-H19基因复合体在这些过程中发挥着核心作用，并将胎盘营养供应与胎儿生长所需的营养需求相匹配。比较lgf2p0和完整的Igf2缺失小鼠表明，胎盘和胎儿Igf2之间的相互作用调节胎盘生长和营养物质转运体的丰度。反过来，通过DNA甲基化的变化对印记基因进行表观遗传修饰，可能会提供一种将环境线索与胎盘表型联系起来的机制，从而对出生前和出生后的发育产生影响。因此，印记基因表达的变化对发育规划具有重大意义，并可能解释出生时小于胎龄儿的不良预后以及源于子宫的广泛的成人发病疾病。
In mammals, imprinted genes have an important role in feto-placental development. They affect the growth, morphology and nutrient transfer capacity of the placenta and, thereby, control the nutrient supply for fetal growth. In particular, the reciprocally imprinted Igf2-H19 gene complex has a central role in these processes and matches the placental nutrient supply to the fetal nutrient demands for growth. Comparison of lgf2P0 and complete Igf2 null mice has shown that interplay between placental and fetal Igf2 regulates both placental growth and nutrient transporter abundance. In turn, epigenetic modification of imprinted genes via changes in DNA methylation may provide a mechanism linking environmental cues to placental phenotype, with consequences for development both before and after birth. Changes in expression of imprinted genes, therefore, have major implications for developmental programming and may explain the poor prognosis of the infant born small for gestational age and the wide spectrum of adult-onset diseases that originate in utero.