The Content and Epistemology of Phenomenal Belief
The Content and Epistemology of Phenomenal Belief
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现象信仰的内容和认识论
DOI：
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发表时间：
2003
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
D. Chalmers
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作者：
D. Chalmers
经历和信念是不同种类的精神状态，通常被认为属于非常不同的领域。体验是典型的现象，其特点是拥有它们是什么感觉。信仰在范例上是有意的，其特征是它们的命题内容。但这些领域有许多关键点相交。一个中心的交叉点来自现象信仰的存在：与经验有关的信仰。最重要的现象信念是第一人称现象信念：受试者对他或她自己的经历的信念，特别是关于他或她目前所拥有的经历的现象特征的信念。例如，你相信自己正在经历一次红色体验，或者正在经历痛苦。这些现象级的信仰在内容理论和认识论上都提出了重要的问题。在内容理论中，分析现象信念的内容提出了一般内容理论需要处理的特殊问题，而这种信念的内容有时被认为是更一般的内容理论的基础。在认识论中，现象信念往往被认为具有特殊的认识地位，有时被认为是认识和外部世界之间的中心认识联系。我在这里的项目是以一种能够揭示这些问题的方式来分析现象级的信仰。我将从关注这些信念的内容开始，并将使用分析
Experiences and beliefs are different sorts of mental states, and are often taken to belong to very different domains. Experiences are paradigmatically phenomenal, characterized by what it is like to have them. Beliefs are paradigmatically intentional, characterized by their propositional content. But there are a number of crucial points where these domains intersect. One central locus of intersection arises from the existence of phenomenal beliefs: beliefs that are about experiences. The most important phenomenal beliefs are first-person phenomenal beliefs: a subject’s beliefs about his or her own experiences, and especially, about the phenomenal character of the experiences that he or she is currently having. Examples include the belief that one is now having a red experience, or that one is experiencing pain. These phenomenal beliefs raise important issues, in the theory of content and in epistemology. In the theory of content, analysing the content of phenomenal beliefs raises special issues for a general theory of content to handle, and the content of such beliefs has sometimes been taken to be at the foundations of a theory of content more generally. In epistemology, phenomenal beliefs are often taken to have a special epistemic status, and are sometimes taken to be the central epistemic nexus between cognition and the external world. My project here is to analyse phenomenal beliefs in a way that sheds some light on these issues. I will start by focusing on the content of these beliefs, and will use the analysis