Prokaryotic Populations and Activities in an Interbedded Coal Deposit, Including a Previously Deeply Buried Section (1.6-2.3 km) Above 150 Ma Basement Rock
Prokaryotic Populations and Activities in an Interbedded Coal Deposit, Including a Previously Deeply Buried Section (1.6-2.3 km) Above 150 Ma Basement Rock
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DOI：
10.1080/01490450902724832
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发表时间：
2009-01-01
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Parkes, R. John
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Fry, John C.;Horsfield, Brian;Parkes, R. John
对新西兰怀卡托盆地一个148米的褐煤/煤岩心进行了多学科的地下微生物学研究。顶部76m为晚中新世-晚更新世(0.4-5.5 Ma)沉积，其上覆有不整合和以前埋藏较深的(1600-2300m，55-75C)69m的晚始新世-早渐新世(32-35 Ma)中等硬化度沉积。其下方为晚侏罗世变质沉积的风化基底岩(145.5-157.0 Ma)。相似的细胞数量(平均1.2×106 cm-3)、高活性(4-32%)、完整的磷脂(活细菌的生物标志物)和活性(硫酸盐还原、DNA复制)在整个岩心，包括风化的基岩，都是不均匀的。岩芯中存在大量的厌氧异养细菌和褐煤利用细菌(平均值分别为3.4 104、3.0 103 cm-3)。这与一些深层陆地构造相似，但与海底以下沉积物中通常呈指数级下降的原核生物种群形成鲜明对比。对于细菌，76%的16SRRNA基因在76m不整合之上(31.98m)和之下(133.55 m)相似，加上相似的细胞数量，表明有限的深埋影响/古灭菌或有效的再定殖化。在31.98 m处，普通引物检测到的古生菌种群不占优势，76 m不整合以下，产甲烷功能引物检测到的古生菌种群也不尽相同。优势细菌(变形杆菌、放线杆菌、浮游细菌、氯杆菌)和古生物(杂类考古类群、甲烷琥珀酸类和甲烷细菌类)的序列与以前在海洋和陆地地下环境中发现的序列相似，反映了地层沉积条件的变化。然而，在陆地亚表面以前没有发现ANME序列的存在。培养出细菌16S rDNA多样性的很大比例(占最常见属的43%)。原核生物种群和活性随岩性和深度而变化，底物(甲酸盐、乙酸盐、草酸盐)可能从高碳、褐煤/煤质层扩散，以支持邻近砂质或粘土-粉砂层中的细菌种群。
A largely terrestrial, lignite/coal-bearing, 148 m core from the Waikato Basin, New Zealand, was studied, with a multidisciplinary approach, for subsurface microbiology. The top 76 m was Latest Miocene-Late Pleistocene ( 0.4-5.5 Ma) sediments, which overlay an unconformity and a previously deeply buried (1,600-2,300 m, 55-75C) 69 m section of moderately indurated, Late Eocene-Early Oligocene ( 32-35 Ma) deposits. Below this is weathered, Late Jurassic metasedimentary basement rock (145.5-157.0 Ma). Similar cell numbers (mean 1.2 106 cm-3), high viability (4-32%), intact phospholipids (biomarkers for living Bacteria) and activity (sulphate reduction, DNA replication) occurred heterogeneously throughout the core, including the weathered basement rock. Substantial numbers of viable anaerobic heterotrophic and lignite-utilizing bacteria (means 3.4 104, 3.0 103 cm-3) were present throughout the core. This is similar to some deep terrestrial formations but contrasts with the generally exponentially decreasing prokaryotic populations in sub-seafloor sediments. For Bacteria, 76% of the 16S rRNA gene phylotypes were similar above (31.98 m) and below (133.55 m) the 76 m unconformity, which together with similar cell numbers indicates limited deep burial impact/palaeosterilization, or effective re-colonisation. Archaeal populations were not dominant being only detected with general primers at 31.98 m and those detected with methanogen functional primers were different above and below the 76 m unconformity. Both dominant bacterial (Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, Chloroflexi) and archaeal (Miscellaneous Crenarchaeotic Group, Methanosarcinales and Methanobacteriales) sequences were similar to those previously detected in both marine and terrestrial subsurface environments, reflecting the changing depositional conditions of the formation. However, the presence of ANME sequences had not been previously found in the terrestrial subsurface. A large proportion of the bacterial 16S rDNA diversity was cultured (43% of commonest genera). Prokaryotic populations and activity changed with lithology and depth and substrates (formate, acetate, oxalate) may diffuse from high-carbon, lignite/coaly layers to support bacterial populations in adjacent sandy or clay-silt layers.