Effect of voicing and articulation manner on aerosol particle emission during human speech
Effect of voicing and articulation manner on aerosol particle emission during human speech
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0227699
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发表时间：
2020-01-27
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Ristenpart, William D.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Asadi, Sima;Wexler, Anthony S.;Ristenpart, William D.
此前，我们证明了人类语音的幅度与微米级呼气气溶胶颗粒的排放率之间的强相关性，这些颗粒被认为在呼吸道疾病传播中发挥作用。为了进一步研究这些发现，在这里，我们系统地研究了不同的“音素”（语音的基本声音单位）对讲话过程中人体呼吸道颗粒物排放的影响。我们测量了56名健康志愿者在发出特定电话时的呼吸颗粒物排放率，无论是在孤立的情况下还是在标准口语文本的背景下。我们发现，某些音素与显著更高的粒子产生有关;例如，元音/i/（“需要”，“海”）比/a/（“锯”，“热”）或/u/（“蓝色”，“心情”）产生更多的粒子，而双音节词包括浊音爆破辅音（例如，/d/、/B/、/g/）比具有无摩擦音的单词（例如，/s/，/h/，/f/）。这些离散的电话和单词的趋势得到了时间分辨的粒子发射率的证实，志愿者大声朗读一段标准的文本，其中包含了英语口语中广泛的电话。我们的测量结果表明，颗粒排放率呈正相关的元音内容的短语，相反，颗粒排放减少在短语与高比例的无元音摩擦音。我们的颗粒排放数据与先前测量的与发声和清晰度不同的各种电话的发声相关的外出气流速率大致一致。这些结果表明，呼吸道病原体通过语音气溶胶颗粒的空气传播可以调制特定的语音特征的语言由一个给定的人群，沿着与其他更经常考虑的流行病学变量。
Previously, we demonstrated a strong correlation between the amplitude of human speech and the emission rate of micron-scale expiratory aerosol particles, which are believed to play a role in respiratory disease transmission. To further those findings, here we systematically investigate the effect of different 'phones' (the basic sound units of speech) on the emission of particles from the human respiratory tract during speech. We measured the respiratory particle emission rates of 56 healthy human volunteers voicing specific phones, both in isolation and in the context of a standard spoken text. We found that certain phones are associated with significantly higher particle production; for example, the vowel /i/ ("need," "sea") produces more particles than /a/ ("saw," "hot") or /u/ ("blue," "mood"), while disyllabic words including voiced plosive consonants (e.g., /d/, /b/, /g/) yield more particles than words with voiceless fricatives (e.g., /s/, /h/, /f/). These trends for discrete phones and words were corroborated by the time-resolved particle emission rates as volunteers read aloud from a standard text passage that incorporates a broad range of the phones present in spoken English. Our measurements showed that particle emission rates were positively correlated with the vowel content of a phrase; conversely, particle emission decreased during phrases with a high fraction of voiceless fricatives. Our particle emission data is broadly consistent with prior measurements of the egressive airflow rate associated with the vocalization of various phones that differ in voicing and articulation. These results suggest that airborne transmission of respiratory pathogens via speech aerosol particles could be modulated by specific phonetic characteristics of the language spoken by a given human population, along with other, more frequently considered epidemiological variables.