TOWARDS A NATURAL SYSTEM OF ORGANISMS - PROPOSAL FOR THE DOMAINS ARCHAEA, BACTERIA, AND EUCARYA
TOWARDS A NATURAL SYSTEM OF ORGANISMS - PROPOSAL FOR THE DOMAINS ARCHAEA, BACTERIA, AND EUCARYA
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.87.12.4576
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发表时间：
1990-06-01
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
WHEELIS, ML
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
WOESE, CR;KANDLER, O;WHEELIS, ML
分子结构和序列通常比经典的表型更能揭示进化关系（特别是在微生物中）。因此，分类群定义的基础已逐渐从生物体水平转移到细胞水平再到分子水平。分子比较表明，地球上的生命分为三个主要类群，通常被称为真细菌，古细菌和真核生物。这三者是非常不同的，将它们分开的差异比将典型的王国（如动物和植物）分开的差异具有更深刻的性质。不幸的是，无论是传统上接受的生物系统之间的自然关系的观点，即，五界分类法或真核生物-原核生物二分法反映了生物界的这种主要的三分法。为了纠正这种情况，我们建议建立一个正式的有机体系统，其中在界的水平之上存在一个新的分类单元，称为“域”。这样，地球上的生命就可以被看作是由三个领域组成的：细菌界、古生物界和真核生物界，每一个都包含两个或更多的王国。(The例如，真核生物包括动物、植物、真菌和许多其他尚未定义的物种）。虽然细菌和真核生物的分类结构在本文中没有讨论，但古细菌在形式上被细分为两个界：宽古菌（Euryarchaeota）（包括产甲烷菌及其表型多样的亲属）和泉古菌（Crenarchaeota）（包括极端嗜热古细菌的相对紧密的集群，其一般表型似乎与古细菌的祖先表型最相似）。
Molecular structures and sequences are generally more revealing of evolutionary relationships than are classical phenotypes (particularly so among microorganisms). Consequently, the basis for the definition of taxa has progressively shifted from the organismal to the cellular to the molecular level. Molecular comparisons show that life on this planet divides into three primary groupings, commonly known as the eubacteria, the archaebacteria, and the eukaryotes. The three are very dissimilar, the differences that separate them being of a more profound nature than the differences that separate typical kingdoms, such as animals and plants. Unfortunately, neither of the conventionally accepted views of the natural relationships among living systems-i.e., the five-kingdom taxonomy or the eukaryote-prokaryote dichotomy-reflects this primary tripartite division of the living world. To remedy this situation we propose that a formal system of organisms be established in which above the level of kingdom there exists a new taxon called a "domain". Life on this planet would then be seen as comprising three domains, the Bacteria, the Archaea, and the Eucarya, each containing two or more kingdoms. (The Eucarya, for example, contain Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, and a number of others yet to be defined). Although taxonomic structure within the Bacteria and Eucarya is not treated herein, Archaea is formally subdivided into the two kingdoms Euryarchaeota (encompassing the methanogens and their phenotypically diverse relatives) and Crenarchaeota (comprising the relatively tight clustering of extremely thermophilic archaebacteria, whose general phenotype appears to resemble most the ancestral phenotype of the Archaea).