A global climatology of upper-tropospheric ice supersaturation occurrence inferred from the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder calibrated by MOZAIC
A global climatology of upper-tropospheric ice supersaturation occurrence inferred from the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder calibrated by MOZAIC
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DOI：
10.5194/acp-12-381-2012
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发表时间：
2012-01
影响因子：
6.3
通讯作者：
N. Lamquin;C. Stubenrauch;K. Gierens;U. Burkhardt;H. Smit
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
N. Lamquin;C. Stubenrauch;K. Gierens;U. Burkhardt;H. Smit
对流层上部冰的过饱和度是理解卷云形成的一个复杂而重要的问题。一方面，红外探测仪有能力提供云的性质和大气的温度和湿度廓线。另一方面，它们的垂直分辨率较低，特别是在对流层上部，因此无法检测到浅冰过饱和层。我们使用的数据从OZone和水蒸气的测量AIRBUS在服务的飞机实验（MOZAIC）结合大气红外探测器（AIRS）相对湿度测量和云的属性，开发一个校准方法估计冰过饱和的发生频率。该方法首先确定由MOZAIC检测的冰过饱和的发生概率，作为由AIRS确定的相对湿度的函数。发生概率函数，然后应用到AIRS数据，独立的MOZAIC数据，提供一个全球气候的对流层上部冰过饱和发生。然后，我们的气候相比，冰过饱和发生统计数据从MOZAIC单独和相关的高云发生从云气溶胶激光雷达与正交偏振（CALIOP）。作为应用的一个例子，它是比较模型气候学的冰过饱和从综合预报系统（IFS）的欧洲中期天气预报中心（ECMWF）和欧洲中心汉堡模型（ECHAM4）。这项研究突出了多仪器协同作用的好处，上层对流层冰过饱和度的调查。
Ice supersaturation in the upper troposphere is a complex and important issue for the understanding of cirrus cloud formation. On one hand, infrared sounders have the ability to provide cloud properties and atmospheric profiles of temperature and humidity. On the other hand, they suffer from coarse vertical resolution, especially in the upper troposphere and therefore are unable to detect shallow ice supersaturated layers. We have used data from the Measurements of OZone and water vapour by AIrbus in-service airCraft experiment (MOZAIC) in combination with Atmospheric InfraRed Sounder (AIRS) relative humidity measurements and cloud properties to develop a calibration method for an estimation of occurrence frequencies of ice supersaturation. This method first determines the occurrence probability of ice supersaturation, detected by MOZAIC, as a function of the relative humidity determined by AIRS. The occurrence probability function is then applied to AIRS data, independently of the MOZAIC data, to provide a global climatology of upper-tropospheric ice supersaturation occurrence. Our climatology is then compared to ice supersaturation occurrence statistics from MOZAIC alone and related to high cloud occurrence from the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP). As an example of application it is compared to model climatologies of ice supersaturation from the Integrated Forecast System (IFS) of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) and from the European Centre HAmburg Model (ECHAM4). This study highlights the benefits of multi-instrumental synergies for the investigation of upper tropospheric ice supersaturation.