Squares of distinction, webs of interest: Gentility, urban development and the slave trade in Bristol c.1673–1820
Squares of distinction, webs of interest: Gentility, urban development and the slave trade in Bristol c.1673–1820
复制标题
区分方格，利益网：布里斯托尔的绅士风度、城市发展和奴隶贸易，约 1673 年至 1820 年
DOI：
10.1080/01440390008575319
复制
发表时间：
2000
影响因子：
0.7
通讯作者：
Madge. Dresser
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Madge. Dresser
真的可以说英国的布里斯托尔是建立在奴隶贸易的基础上的吗？到18世纪中叶，布里斯托尔和克利夫顿之间的山坡上开始如雨后春笋般涌现的“宏伟的石头豪宅”，真的是由靠奴隶种植的糖致富的商人资助的吗？本文初步探讨了18世纪上半叶布里斯托尔的城市发展在多大程度上是建立在奴隶贸易和奴隶生产商品贸易的利润基础上的。建立奴隶制与城市发展之间的联系，对关于奴隶贸易对西方商业和工业发展的经济重要性的更广泛的辩论具有重大影响。2它还涉及在“绅士地位的提高”方面所做的新工作，以及消费作为经济增长和文化转型的推动者在这一时期的重要性。3布里斯托尔的地方历史学家在考虑过这个问题时，通常没有对它进行任何实质性的调查。只有J.Ward关于布里斯托尔和克利夫顿投机性建筑的文章专门讨论了18世纪后半叶西印度群岛的财富和城市发展之间的联系，然后才在1783年之后的十年里/研究英国城市发展的更大全国图景的历史学家对确定奴隶贸易和18世纪大部分时间里英国第二大城市的发展之间的关系没有表现出多少兴趣。乔纳森·巴里1991年发表的关于《省城文化168-1780》的文章，虽然明确承认布里斯托尔的经济从1650年开始转向殖民贸易，但没有对此进行任何详细的阐述。Ken Morgan在1993年出版的一本关于布里斯托尔和大西洋贸易的书过于关注18世纪末的企业家精神和相对的经济衰退，而没有太多地关注布里斯托尔的城市发展，他的书中也没有其他丰富的文献记载
Can it be truly said that Bristol, England was' built on the slave trade?'Were the'grand stone mansions' on the slopes between Bristol and Clifton, which began to spring up by the mid-eighteenth century, really financed by merchants grown rich on slave-grown sugar?'This article offers a preliminary consideration of the extent to which Bristol's urban development in the first half of the eighteenth century was based on the profits derived from the slave trade and the trade in slave-produced commodities. The establishment of links between slavery and urban development has significant implications for the more general debate about the economic importance of the slave trade for western commercial and industrial development2 It relates also to new work done on the'rise of gentility'and the importance of consumption in this period as a generator of economic growth and cultural transformation. 3 Local historians of Bristol have, when they have considered the question at all, generally failed to investigate it in any substantive way. Only J. Ward's article on speculative building in Bristol and Clifton specifically addresses the link between West Indian wealth and urban development in the latter part of the eighteenth century and then only for the decade after 1783/Historians dealing with the larger national picture of Britain's urban development have demonstrated little interest in ascertaining the relationship between the slave trade and the development of what was, for much of the eighteenth century, Britain's second city. Jonathan Barry's 1991 essay on'Provincial Town Culture 168O-1780', whilst explicitly admitting the shift in Bristol's economy toward the colonial trade from 1650 onwards, does not develop this in any detail. Ken Morgan's 1993 book on Bristol and the Atlantic Tradeis too focused on entrepreneurship and relative economic decline in the late eighteenth century to concentrate much attention on Bristol's urban development, nor does his otherwise richly documented