Endosperm Development
Endosperm Development
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胚乳发育
DOI：
10.1002/9780470015902.a0020098.pub2
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发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Kaoru Tonosaki and Tetsu Kinoshita
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fata No;Kyoko Taniguchi & Yukiko Hirakawa;Kyoko Taniguchi & Yukiko Hirakawa;谷口京子. 光永悠彦;谷口京子;谷口京子;谷口京子;谷口京子;谷口京子;谷口京子;谷口京子;谷口京子. オチア・クリスチャン・サメン. 山田肖子;Kyoko Taniguchi;笠松 怜史;Satoshi Kasamatsu;笠松 怜史;笠松 怜史;笠松 怜史;笠松 怜史;笠松 怜史;笠松 怜史;笠松 怜史;笠松 怜史;笠松 怜史;笠松 怜史;笠松 怜史;笠松 怜史;Kaoru Tonosaki and Tetsu Kinoshita
胚乳是许多植物种子中的组织，通过提供储存在其细胞中的营养物质来支持胚胎和幼苗生长。作为储存的产物，淀粉、蛋白质和油对于人类的营养和工业材料是有价值的，胚乳发育已经被充分记载，特别是在谷类植物如玉米、大麦和水稻中。分子遗传学和基因组学分析也被广泛应用于模式植物拟南芥。尽管成熟种子内胚乳的结构和数量在不同的植物物种之间有很大的差异，但大多数发育事件，如遗传和表观遗传控制，都是保守的。关键概念胚乳发育的程序在不同的植物物种之间有所不同。在大多数被子植物物种中，种子有三种遗传上不同的组织：母本二倍体种皮，受精的二倍体胚和三倍体胚乳。胚乳由具有不同作用的分化组织组成。亲本基因组在胚乳中的作用由于表观遗传修饰的不对称性，与哺乳动物胎盘中的表观遗传修饰相似，因此（2个母本和1个父本）不等同。
Endosperm is a tissue in the seeds of many plants and supports embryonic and seedling growth by providing nutrients stored in its cells. As the stored products, starches, proteins and oils are valuable to humans for nutrition and as industrial materials, endosperm development has been well documented, particularly in cereal plants such as maize, barley and rice. Molecular genetics and genomics analyses have also been widely applied to the model plantArabidopsis thaliana. Although the structures and amounts of endosperm within mature seeds vary considerably among plant species, most of the developmental events, such as genetic and epigenetic controls, are conserved.Key ConceptsThe programme of endosperm development varies among plant species.In most angiosperm species, seeds have three genetically distinct tissues: maternal diploid seed coat, fertilised diploid embryo and triploid endosperm.Endosperm consists of differentiated tissues that have distinct roles.Roles of parental genomes in the endosperm (2 maternal and 1 paternal) are not equivalent owing to asymmetric epigenetic modifications, similar to those in the mammalian placenta.Hybridisation barrier can be seen in the endosperm.