Overcoming Impunity: Pathways to Accountability in Latin America
Overcoming Impunity: Pathways to Accountability in Latin America
复制标题
克服有罪不罚现象：拉丁美洲的问责之路
DOI：
10.1093/ijtj/ijt031
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发表时间：
2014
影响因子：
1.6
通讯作者：
Lessa F
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lessa F
民主政府如何以及为什么克服大赦法和有罪不罚文化，允许对过去侵犯人权的行为进行审判？面对这一问题，我们首先确定了与新民主国家问责制度相关的四个关键因素的广泛共识：民间社会的需求，国内司法领导，没有否决权球员和国际压力。然后，我们概述了这些因素之间的相互作用，导致四个不同的情况下克服大赦，从失败这样做（顽固的大赦），以成功的民主流离失所的大赦和扩散的审判。由于拉丁美洲在这些问责途径上存在很大差异，我们将其作为一个试验区域，以检查克服有罪不罚现象的四个关键因素之间的动态互动。最后，我们考虑这个新的动态互动框架以外的拉丁美洲。
How and why do democratic governments overcome amnesty laws and cultures of impunity to allow for trials for past human rights violations? To confront this question, we first identify widespread agreement on four key factors associated with the degree of accountability in a new democracy: civil society demand, domestic judicial leadership, the absence of veto players and international pressure. We then outline the interactions among those factors that lead to four distinct scenarios of overcoming amnesty, from the failure to do so (obstinate amnesties) to successful democratic displacement of amnesties and the proliferation of trials. Because Latin America has had great variation in these accountability pathways, we use it as a test region to examine the dynamic interaction of the four key factors in overcoming impunity. We conclude by considering this new dynamic interaction framework outside Latin America.