Preference and performance of a willow-feeding leaf beetle: soil nutrient and flooding effects on host quality
Preference and performance of a willow-feeding leaf beetle: soil nutrient and flooding effects on host quality
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食柳叶甲虫的偏好和性能：土壤养分和洪水对寄主质量的影响
DOI：
10.1007/s00442-003-1278-4
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发表时间：
2003
期刊：
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
C. Orians
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
S. Lower;S. Kirshenbaum;C. Orians
在不同环境条件下生长的植物上食草动物的分布和丰度可能取决于偏好和/或性能。土壤养分和水的可用性是草食动物分布的关键决定因素，因为两者都会影响植物生长和组织质量。然而，水对植物质量的影响可能取决于养分的可用性，反之亦然。令人惊讶的是，很少有研究探讨两者之间的相互作用。我们研究了土壤养分和水分可用性对（1）丝柳（Salix sericeaMarshall）的生长和化学成分以及（2）进口柳叶甲（Plagiodera versicoloraLaicartig）的偏好和性能的影响。我们使用类似的 2×2 全因子设计进行了两个常见的花园实验，其中有两个水平的土壤养分（低、高）和两个水平的可用水量（田间持水量、淹没）。在第一个实验（幼虫表现）中，幼虫发育时间和蛹重量不受植物养分或水可用性的影响。尽管事实上高营养处理中的植物具有较高的蛋白质浓度和较低的酚苷 2'-肉桂酰水利皮质素叶浓度，但这种情况还是发生了。在第二个实验（成人偏好）中，我们将四株植物（每个处理中一株）放入笼中，并将甲虫放入笼中。我们发现植物生长和叶子蛋白质取决于养分和水分可用性之间的相互作用。在高养分田容量处理中植物生长最快，并且在高养分淹没处理中叶蛋白最高。相比之下，成虫在洪水条件下优先在高营养处理下定居和产卵，但我们没有发现营养物和水之间偏好相互作用的证据。因此，至少在洪水条件下，营养物质会影响成人的偏好。我们还发现叶蛋白与成虫产卵偏好和人均产蛋量呈正相关。那么，我们的结果表明，土壤养分可以影响成虫的偏好，并且成虫选择促进产蛋的优质宿主（高蛋白）。
The distribution and abundance of herbivores on plants growing under different environmental conditions may depend upon preference and/or performance. Soil nutrients and water availability are key determinants of herbivore distribution, as both influence plant growth and tissue quality. However, the effects of water on plant quality may depend upon the availability of nutrients and vice versa. Surprisingly few studies have examined the interactions between the two. We investigated the effects of soil nutrient and water availability on (1) the growth and chemistry of the silky willow (Salix sericeaMarshall), and (2) the preference and performance of the imported willow leaf beetle (Plagiodera versicoloraLaichartig). We conducted two common garden experiments using a similar 2×2 fully factorial design with two levels of soil nutrients (low, high) and two levels of water availability (field capacity, flooded). In the first experiment (larval performance), larval development time and pupal weight were not influenced by nutrient or water availability to the plant. This occurred despite the fact that plants in the high nutrient treatments had higher protein concentration and lower foliar concentrations of the phenolic glycoside 2′-cinnamoylsalicortin. In the second experiment (adult preference), we caged four plants (one from each treatment) and released beetles into cages. We found that plant growth and leaf protein depended upon the interaction between nutrient and water availability. Plant growth was greatest in the high nutrient-field capacity treatment and leaf protein was greatest in the high nutrient-flooded treatment. In contrast, adults settled and oviposited preferentially on the high nutrient treatment under flooded conditions, but we found no evidence of interactions between nutrients and water on preference. Thus, at least under flooded conditions nutrients affect adult preference. We also found that foliar protein was correlated positively with adult oviposition preference and per capita egg production. Our results, then, suggest that soil nutrients can influence adult preference, and that adults choose high-quality hosts (high protein) that promote egg production.