The Meaningful Roles Intervention: An Evolutionary Approach to Reducing Bullying and Increasing Prosocial Behavior
The Meaningful Roles Intervention: An Evolutionary Approach to Reducing Bullying and Increasing Prosocial Behavior
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DOI：
10.1111/jora.12243
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发表时间：
2016-12-01
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
Embry, Dennis D.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ellis, Bruce J.;Volk, Anthony A.;Embry, Dennis D.
欺凌是一个影响全世界青少年的问题。防止欺凌行为的努力充其量只是取得了一定的成功，最坏的情况是医源性的。我们提供了一个解释这种有限的成功，采用进化心理学的角度来分析反欺凌干预。我们认为，欺凌是一种目标导向的行为，是敏感的利益以及成本，干预措施必须解决这些好处。这种观点使我们开发了一种新的反欺凌干预，有意义的角色，它为欺凌者提供了亲社会的替代品-通过学校就业计划实施的有意义的角色和责任，并通过点对点的赞美笔记得到加强-有效地满足欺凌行为的相同地位目标。我们描述了这种新的干预，以及它的理论演变的根源可能适用于其他干预计划。
Bullying is a problem that affects adolescents worldwide. Efforts to prevent bullying have been moderately successful at best, or iatrogenic at worst. We offer an explanation for this limited success by employing an evolutionary-psychological perspective to analyze antibullying interventions. We argue that bullying is a goal-directed behavior that is sensitive to benefits as well as costs, and that interventions must address these benefits. This perspective led us to develop a novel antibullying intervention, Meaningful Roles, which offers bullies prosocial alternatives-meaningful roles and responsibilities implemented through a school jobs program and reinforced through peer-to-peer praise notes-that effectively meet the same status goals as bullying behavior. We describe this new intervention and how its theoretical evolutionary roots may be applicable to other intervention programs.