Observation of Scale Invariance in Two-Dimensional Matter-Wave Townes Solitons
Observation of Scale Invariance in Two-Dimensional Matter-Wave Townes Solitons
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DOI：
10.1103/physrevlett.127.023604
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发表时间：
2021-07-09
影响因子：
8.6
通讯作者：
Hung, Chen-Lung
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Chen, Cheng-An;Hung, Chen-Lung
我们报告了近确定性产生的二维（2D）物质波汤斯孤子和精确测试的尺度不变性吸引二维玻色气体。我们诱导一个形状控制的调制不稳定性，在一个细长的二维物质波创建一个阵列的孤立孤立波的各种大小和峰值密度。我们确认尺度不变性通过观察孤立波密度轮廓的崩溃到一个单一的曲线在一个无量纲的坐标重新密封根据其峰值密度，并观察到在不同的耦合常数g测量的尺度不变的配置文件可以进一步崩溃到汤斯孤子的普遍配置文件。所报告的标度行为进行了测试与近60倍的孤子相互作用能量的差异，并允许我们讨论一个不可忽略的磁偶极-偶极相互作用（MDDI）对二维尺度不变性的影响。我们确认，MDDI在我们的碱铯准二维样品的效果有效地符合相同的比例律所管辖的接触相互作用，以及在我们的实验不确定性。
We report near-deterministic generation of two-dimensional (2D) matter-wave Townes solitons and a precision test on scale invariance in attractive 2D Bose gases. We induce a shape-controlled modulational instability in an elongated 2D matter wave to create an array of isolated solitary waves of various sizes and peak densities. We confirm scale invariance by observing the collapse of solitary-wave density profiles onto a single curve in a dimensionless coordinate resealed according to their peak densities and observe that the scale-invariant profiles measured at different coupling constants g can further collapse onto the universal profile of Townes solitons. The reported scaling behavior is tested with a nearly 60-fold difference in soliton interaction energies and allows us to discuss the impact of a non-negligible magnetic dipole-dipole interaction (MDDI) on 2D scale invariance. We confirm that the effect of MDDI in our alkali cesium quasi-2D samples effectively conforms to the same scaling law governed by a contact interaction to well within our experiment uncertainty.