Health effects of heat vulnerability in Rio de Janeiro: a validation model for policy applications

Health effects of heat vulnerability in Rio de Janeiro: a validation model for policy applications
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里约热内卢热脆弱性对健康的影响:政策应用的验证模型

DOI:
10.1007/s42452-020-03750-7
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发表时间:
2020
影响因子:
2.6
通讯作者:
Klima, Kelly
Klima, Kelly
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Prosdocimi, Diogo;Klima, Kelly

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极端高温事件可能导致与高温相关的死亡风险增加。此外,城市地区往往比农村地区更热,加剧了热浪。不幸的是,验证是困难的;据我们所知,大多数验证,即使它们控制了温度,实际上也只验证了社会脆弱性指数,而不是热脆弱性指数。在这里,我们研究如何在给定里约热内卢市数据的不确定范围的情况下构建和验证热脆弱性指数。首先,我们比较了热浪期间某些类型的循环系统疾病的过量死亡。其次,我们使用人口和环境数据和因子分析来构建一组与热脆弱性相关的未观察到的因素和各自的权重,包括蒙特卡洛分析来表示分配给输入数据的不确定性范围。最后,我们使用到医院和诊所的距离以及他们的健康记录数据作为工具变量来验证我们的因素。我们发现,我们可以验证里约热内卢的热脆弱性指数与热浪期间死亡人数过多的关系;具体地说,我们使用三种类型的回归加上差异计算来表明,这确实是一个热脆弱性指数,而不是社会脆弱性指数。因素分析确定了造成数据70%变异性的两个因素;一个是社会经济因素,另一个是城市形态因素。这表明有必要在现有的热易损性指数验证方法中增加一个步骤,即差分计算方法。
Extreme heat events can lead to increased risk of heat-related deaths. Furthermore, urban areas are often hotter than their rural surroundings, exacerbating heat waves. Unfortunately, validation is difficult; to our knowledge, most validations, even if they control for temperatures, really only validate a social vulnerability index instead of a heat vulnerability index. Here we investigate how to construct and validate a heat vulnerability index given uncertainty ranges in data for the city of Rio de Janeiro. First, we compare excess deaths of certain types of circulatory diseases during heat waves. Second, we use demographic and environmental data and factor analysis to construct a set of unobserved factors and respective weightings related to heat vulnerability, including a Monte Carlo analysis to represent the uncertainty ranges assigned to the input data. Finally, we use distance to hospital and clinics and their health record data as an instrumental variable to validate our factors. We find that we can validate the Rio de Janeiro heat vulnerability index against excess deaths during heat waves; specifically, we use three types of regressions coupled with difference in difference calculations to show this is indeed a heat vulnerability index as opposed to a social vulnerability index. The factor analysis identifies two factors that contribute to >70% of the variability in the data; one socio-economic factor and one urban form factor. This suggests it is necessary to add a step to existing methods for validation of heat vulnerability indices, that of the difference-in-difference calculation.
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