Vasculogenic Stem and Progenitor Cells in Human: Future Cell Therapy Product or Liquid Biopsy for Vascular Disease
Vasculogenic Stem and Progenitor Cells in Human: Future Cell Therapy Product or Liquid Biopsy for Vascular Disease
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DOI：
10.1007/978-3-030-31206-0_11
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发表时间：
2019-01-01
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Smadja, David M.
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文献类型：
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作者：
Smadja, David M.
成人的新血管形成被认为完全是由于先前存在的内皮细胞的萌发，这一过程被称为血管生成。血管生成，即从内皮祖细胞形成新的血管，被认为只发生在胚胎时期。1997年，成体内皮祖细胞的发现为血管疾病的细胞治疗打开了大门。内皮祖细胞有助于血管修复，目前在人类中已被公认为出生后血管生成细胞。目前公认的血管生成亚型为内皮细胞集落形成细胞(ECFCs)。ECFCs可用作细胞治疗产品，也可用于多种血管疾病的液体活检或作为基因治疗的载体。然而，尽管人们对这些细胞产生了巨大的兴趣，但它们的组织和分子来源仍然不清楚。我们最近提出内皮祖细胞可以来源于从CD133阳性细胞中分离出的人类非常小的胚胎样干细胞(VSEL)。VSEL是一种与迁徙原始生殖细胞相关的小的休眠干细胞。它们已经在骨髓和其他器官中得到了描述。本章讨论了已报道的来自体外数据和临床前研究的结果，这些研究旨在探索人类血管生成起源的干细胞，然后探索ECFC促进新生血管形成或作为液体活检的潜在用途，以了解血管病理生理学，特别是肺部疾病和止血障碍。
New blood vessel formation in adults was considered to result-exclusively from sprouting of preexisting endothelial cells, a process referred to angiogenesis. Vasculogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels from endothelial progenitor cells, was thought to occur only during embryonic life. Discovery of adult endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) in 1997 opened the door for cell therapy in vascular disease. Endothelial progenitor cells contribute to vascular repair and are now well established as postnatal vasculogenic cells in humans. It is now admitted that endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs) are the vasculogenic subtype. ECFCs could be used as a cell therapy product and also as a liquid biopsy in several vascular diseases or as vector for gene therapy. However, despite a huge interest in these cells, their tissue and molecular origin is still unclear. We recently proposed that endothelial progenitor could come from very small embryonic-like stem cells (VSELs) isolated in human from CD133 positive cells. VSELs are small dormant stem cells related to migratory primordial germ cells. They have been described in bone marrow and other organs. This chapter discusses the reported findings from in vitro data and also preclinical studies that aimed to explore stem cells at the origin of vasculogenesis in human and then explore the potential use of ECFCs to promote newly formed vessels or serve as liquid biopsy to understand vascular pathophysiology and in particular pulmonary disease and haemostasis disorders.