Cytokine Networks as Targets for Preventing and Controlling Chagas Heart Disease.

Cytokine Networks as Targets for Preventing and Controlling Chagas Heart Disease.
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DOI:
10.3390/pathogens12020171
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发表时间:
2023-01-21
期刊:
Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)
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恰加斯病是一种由原生动物克氏锥虫引起的被忽视的疾病,在 21 个拉丁美洲国家流行,影响了 6-800 万人。由于移民、输血或器官移植造成的污染,非流行国家也报告了越来越多的恰加斯病病例,这表明恰加斯病是这些地区的一种新出现的疾病。虽然大多数处于恰加斯病慢性期的个体仍处于一种称为不确定的无症状临床形式,但大约 30% 的患者会患上心肌病,这是已知最致命的心脏病之一。不确定型和心脏临床型之间的临床区别与先天性和适应性细胞介导的不同免疫反应有关。在这篇综述中,我们提出了一系列关注人类疾病的研究,讨论了证明趋化因子、细胞因子和细胞毒性分子与人类感染克氏锥虫的独特临床结果之间关系的几个方面。此外,我们还讨论了基因多态性在这些免疫调节分子转录控制中的作用。最后,我们讨论了细胞因子表达和基因多态性作为严重恰加斯病易感性标记以及作为疾病控制目标的潜在应用。
Chagas disease, a neglected disease caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, is endemic in 21 Latin American countries, affecting 6–8 million people. Increasing numbers of Chagas disease cases have also been reported in non-endemic countries due to migration, contamination via blood transfusions or organ transplantation, characterizing Chagas as an emerging disease in such regions. While most individuals in the chronic phase of Chagas disease remain in an asymptomatic clinical form named indeterminate, approximately 30% of the patients develop a cardiomyopathy that is amongst the deadliest cardiopathies known. The clinical distinctions between the indeterminate and the cardiac clinical forms are associated with different immune responses mediated by innate and adaptive cells. In this review, we present a collection of studies focusing on the human disease, discussing several aspects that demonstrate the association between chemokines, cytokines, and cytotoxic molecules with the distinct clinical outcomes of human infection with Trypanosoma cruzi. In addition, we discuss the role of gene polymorphisms in the transcriptional control of these immunoregulatory molecules. Finally, we discuss the potential application of cytokine expression and gene polymorphisms as markers of susceptibility to developing the severe form of Chagas disease, and as targets for disease control.
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