The Long-Lasting Influenza: The Impact of Fetal Stress During the 1918 Influenza Pandemic on Socioeconomic Attainment and Health in Sweden, 1968-2012
The Long-Lasting Influenza: The Impact of Fetal Stress During the 1918 Influenza Pandemic on Socioeconomic Attainment and Health in Sweden, 1968-2012
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DOI：
10.1007/s13524-019-00799-x
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发表时间：
2019-08-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Bengtsson, Tommy
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Helgertz, Jonas;Bengtsson, Tommy
1918年的流感大流行不仅造成了大量的即时死亡，而且对幸存者产生了持久的影响。几项研究表明，1919年出生的儿童，因此在子宫内暴露于H1N1病毒，在年龄较大时经历的健康和社会经济后果比周围出生的同龄人更差。这项研究结合了1968-2012年间瑞典的几个当代统计数据来源和全人口个人水平数据，以研究胎儿暴露于西班牙流感对健康，成年收入和职业成就的影响。根据住院情况衡量，无论男女，胎儿接触均导致54-87岁年龄段的发病率较高。对于男性来说，在妊娠中期暴露也会影响癌症和心脏病的死亡率。总体而言，对全因死亡率的影响是适度的，在妊娠中期暴露的队列的剩余预期寿命缩短了约三个月。对于社会经济结果，结果未能提供一致的证据支持胎儿暴露的任何长期后果。我们的结论是，尽管接触1918年大流行对健康的直接影响是巨大的，但长期影响的程度却不大。
The 1918 influenza pandemic had not only a massive instant death toll but also lasting effects on its survivors. Several studies have shown that children born in 1919, and thus exposed to the H1N1 virus in utero, experienced worse health and socioeconomic outcomes in older ages than surrounding birth cohorts. This study combines several sources of contemporary statistics with full-population individual-level data for Sweden during 1968-2012 to examine the influence of fetal exposure to the Spanish flu on health, adulthood income, and occupational attainment. For both men and women, fetal exposure resulted in higher morbidity in ages 54-87, as measured by hospitalization. For males, exposure during the second trimester also affected mortality in cancer and heart disease. Overall, the effects on all-cause mortality were modest, with about three months shorter remaining life expectancy for the cohorts exposed during the second trimester. For socioeconomic outcomes, results fail to provide consistent evidence supporting any long-term consequences of fetal exposure. We conclude that although the immediate health effects of exposure to the 1918 pandemic were huge, the long-term effects were modest in size.