Stress indicator gene expression profiles, colony dynamics and tissue development of honey bees exposed to sub-lethal doses of imidacloprid in laboratory and field experiments.
Stress indicator gene expression profiles, colony dynamics and tissue development of honey bees exposed to sub-lethal doses of imidacloprid in laboratory and field experiments.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0171529
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发表时间：
2017
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
de Graaf DC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
De Smet L;Hatjina F;Ioannidis P;Hamamtzoglou A;Schoonvaere K;Francis F;Meeus I;Smagghe G;de Graaf DC
在这项研究中，不同的上下文依赖的影响，吡虫啉暴露对蜜蜂的反应进行了研究。蜜蜂在40天的时间内暴露于不同浓度的吡虫啉。除了这些变量，还进行了实验室-现场比较。使用内部开发的针对不同免疫相关和解毒基因的微阵列来确定慢性暴露对基因表达水平的影响，以确定与应激相关的基因表达变化。在暴露于吡虫啉的蜜蜂中检测到编码CYP 9 Q3和CYT P450的解毒基因水平增加。不同的上下文依赖的影响，暴露于吡虫啉蜜蜂下咽腺大小减少生理证实。在实验室笼中暴露于吡虫啉的蜜蜂表现出普遍的免疫抑制，并且没有明显触发解毒机制，而野外蜜蜂在稍后的时间点表现出免疫刺激的弹性反应。但在田间第一个育雏周期后，处理群体的育雏和种群数量呈下降趋势。总之，这项研究强调了不同的背景依赖性影响的吡虫啉暴露对蜜蜂的反应。这些发现警告可能的陷阱有关的推广结果的基础上，具体的实验与短曝光时间。CYT P450和CYP 9 Q3水平的增加与免疫应答反应相结合，可以用作在田间暴露于农药的蜜蜂的标记。
In this study, different context-dependent effects of imidacloprid exposure on the honey bee response were studied. Honey bees were exposed to different concentrations of imidacloprid during a time period of 40 days. Next to these variables, a laboratory-field comparison was conducted. The influence of the chronic exposure on gene expression levels was determined using an in-house developed microarray targeting different immunity-related and detoxification genes to determine stress-related gene expression changes. Increased levels of the detoxification genes encoding, CYP9Q3 and CYT P450, were detected in imidacloprid-exposed honey bees. The different context-dependent effects of imidacloprid exposure on honey bees were confirmed physiologically by decreased hypopharyngeal gland sizes. Honey bees exposed to imidacloprid in laboratory cages showed a general immunosuppression and no detoxification mechanisms were triggered significantly, while honey bees in-field showed a resilient response with an immune stimulation at later time points. However, the treated colonies had a brood and population decline tendency after the first brood cycle in the field. In conclusion, this study highlighted the different context-dependent effects of imidacloprid exposure on the honey bee response. These findings warn for possible pitfalls concerning the generalization of results based on specific experiments with short exposure times. The increased levels of CYT P450 and CYP9Q3 combined with an immune response reaction can be used as markers for bees which are exposed to pesticides in the field.