Decision-making and impulse control after frontal lobe injuries
Decision-making and impulse control after frontal lobe injuries
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DOI：
10.1097/01.wco.0000194141.56429.3c
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发表时间：
2005-12-01
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Van der Linden, M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bechara, A;Van der Linden, M
回顾目的长期以来，前额叶皮质一直被认为是一个“无功能”的大脑区域，对其功能的了解一直落后于其他区域。现在不再是这样了，因为现在人们比以往任何时候都更明显地认识到，这个大脑区域在适应行为，特别是决策过程中扮演着至关重要的角色。本综述突出了这一领域的最新研究进展。最近的发现决策是一个术语，在心理学文献中经常被称为执行功能之一，它在管理(像执行)其他认知功能方面发挥作用，如记忆、注意力和语言。已有相当多的研究致力于区分执行功能的不同过程，但过去的大部分研究都集中在背外侧前额叶皮质部分。在这里，我们将回顾关于决策及其与腹内侧额前皮质的联系的研究结果。在神经科和精神科患者中遇到的概括性决策障碍在个体人类痛苦和经济方面是代价高昂的。除了在促进神经科学基础知识方面的明显价值外，了解决策的神经机制可能会产生重要的实际影响，包括了解和管理成瘾等神经精神障碍，以及管理相当数量的老年人，这些老年人患有对决策至关重要的认知功能下降，尽管他们的记忆力和一般智力相对完整，这影响了现实生活中对他们自己和家人重要的事情。
Purpose of review For a long time, the prefrontal cortex has been considered a 'nonfunctional' brain area, and understanding its function has lagged behind other areas. This is no longer true since appreciation of the vital role that this brain region plays in adaptive behaviors, and especially decision-making, is now evident more than ever. The present review highlights recent progress made in this area of research.Recent findings Decision-making is a term often referred to in the psychological literature as one of the 'executive functions' that play a role in managing (like an executive) other cognitive functions, such as memory, attention, and language. Considerable research efforts have been directed towards differentiating various processes of executive functions, but much of this effort in the past has focused on the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex sector. Here we will review findings that address decision-making and its link to the ventromedial prefrontal cortex.Summary Decision-making impairments as encountered in neurological and psychiatric patients are costly in terms of individual human suffering and in financial terms. In addition to its obvious value in advancing fundamental knowledge in neuroscience, understanding the neural mechanisms of decision-making is likely to have important practical consequences, including the understanding and management of neuropsychiatric disorders such as addiction, as well as the management of a considerable number of elderly people suffering from a decline in cognitive functions critical for decision-making, in spite of relatively intact memory and general intellect, which impact real-life matters that are important to themselves and their family.