The companion in the environment of the bird. The species companion as a factor releasing modes of social behaviour.
The companion in the environment of the bird. The species companion as a factor releasing modes of social behaviour.
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DOI：
10.1007/bf01905355
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发表时间：
1935-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Lorenz, K.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lorenz, K.
研究了鸟类与其父母、后代、兄弟姐妹、配偶以及同一群体或群体成员的行为，收集了大量有价值的观察结果，其中大多数是关于作者在尽可能接近自然环境的环境中饲养的鸟类群体。这些观察是根据V.Uexkull的动物心理学概念进行分类和解释的。关于性伴的讨论有相当大的篇幅。♂的羽毛图案和交配前的一种或两种性别的展示被解释为释放因素。区分了三种类型的配对：(A)仅在♂中显示，在♀♀或较弱的♂♂中产生飞行，在较强的鸟类中产生抗性；在第一种情况下，它导致强奸，在第二种情况下，导致打斗(例如，Casina Moschata)。(B)两性的矛盾心理，因为同一性别的强壮和虚弱的鸟可能表现得像♂和♀。每只鸟都倾向于表现出♂反应，但来自♂的刺激可能会在准备交配的♀中诱导♀♀显示；否则，♂显示会导致打斗。这种类型存在于大多数鸟类中，(C)在整个繁殖期内相互表现，没有两性(如鹤、鹭)的矛盾心理。其他部分涉及生殖周期的同步、筑巢、交配和轮流坐姿的合作。陈氏奥尔巴赫。
THE behaviour of birds in relation to their parents, offspring, sibs, mates, and members of the same flock or colony has been studied, and a great number of valuable observations has been collected, most of them on colonies of birds kept by the author in an environment resembling as much as possible the natural. These observations are classified and interpreted in the light of v. Uexkull's conceptions of animal psychology. Considerable space is devoted to the discussion on the sexual companion. The plumage pattern of the ♂ and the display preceding mating in one or both sexes are interpreted as releasing factors. Three types of pairing are distinguished: (a) Display in the ♂ only, which produces flight in ♀♀ or weaker ♂♂, and resistance in strong birds; in the first case it leads to rape, in the second to fighting (e.g. Cairina moschata). (b) Ambivalence in both sexes, since a strong and a weak bird of the same sex may behave as a ♂ and a ♀. Every bird tends to exhibit the ♂ reaction, but the stimulus proceeding from the ♂ may induce a ♀ display in ♀♀ that are ready for mating; otherwise, ♂ display leads to fighting. This type is found in most birds, (c) Mutual display during the whole of the reproductive period, no ambivalence of the two sexes (e.g. stork, heron). Other sections deal with synchronisation of the reproductive cycles, co-operation in nest building, mating, and alternation of sitting. CH. AUERBACH.