EFFECTS OF NITROUS-ACID EXPOSURE ON HUMAN MUCOUS-MEMBRANES
EFFECTS OF NITROUS-ACID EXPOSURE ON HUMAN MUCOUS-MEMBRANES
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DOI：
10.1164/ajrccm.151.5.7735607
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发表时间：
1995-05-01
影响因子：
24.7
通讯作者：
KJAERGAARD, S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
RASMUSSEN, TR;BRAUER, M;KJAERGAARD, S
亚硝酸（HONO）是由二氧化氮（NO2）与室内表面的水反应间接形成的，并在燃烧过程中直接形成。这种气体污染物可能是以前未被认识到的因果因素在评估氮氧化物暴露的影响。本研究首次尝试评估HONO对人体气道和眼鼻粘膜的暴露效应。15名健康的成年非吸烟者在双盲、平衡的协议中暴露于清洁空气、77和395 ppb HONO中3.5 h。每次暴露前有1小时的基线测量期，暴露间隔1周。暴露期间有10 min的运动期。效应测量包括评估支气管反应性、测量比气道传导性、肺量测定法、声学呼吸测量法、鼻灌洗、泪液细胞学、CO2眼激发试验、评价眼睛发红和主观感觉。HONO暴露对眼睛的影响被发现为泪液细胞学中与泪液相关的变化。特别是，暴露于清洁空气、77和395 ppb HONO后，鳞状细胞数量分别增加了20、67和80%（p = 0.004）。还测量了暴露对CO2眼刺激敏感性和特定气道传导性影响的可能迹象。对于比气道传导率，运动后与HONO暴露相关的传导率下降约10%，而清洁空气则下降2%（p = 0.038）。
Nitrous acid (HONO) is formed both indirectly from the reaction of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) with water on indoor surfaces, and directly during combustion. This gaseous pollutant may be a previously unrecognized causal factor in assessments of nitrogen oxide exposure effects. The present study is the first attempt to evaluate exposure effects of HONO on the human airways and the mucous membranes of the eyes and nose. Fifteen healthy adult nonsmokers were exposed for 3.5 h in a double-blind, balanced protocol to clean air, 77, and 395 ppb HONO. Each exposure was preceded by a 1-h baseline measurement period, and exposures were separated by 1 wk. There was a 10-min exercise period during exposure. Effects measurements included assessment of bronchial reactivity, measurement of specific airway conductance, spirometry, acoustic rhinometry, nasal lavage, tear-fluid cytology, a CO2 eye-provocation test, evaluation of eye redness, and subjective sensations. Effects of HONO exposure on the eyes were found as exposure-related changes in tear-fluid cytology. In particular, the number of squamous cells increased by 20, 67, and 80% following exposure to clean air, 77, and 395 ppb HONO, respectively (p = 0.004). Possible indications of exposure effects on sensitivity to CO2 eye provocation and on specific airway conductance were also measured. For specific airway conductance there was an approximate 10% decrease in conductance following exercise in association with HONO exposure, compared with a 2% decrease with clean air (p = 0.038).