A clinical review of recent findings in the epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease.
A clinical review of recent findings in the epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease.
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DOI：
10.2147/clep.s33961
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发表时间：
2013
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Long MD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ponder A;Long MD
炎症性肠病（IBD），包括克罗恩病和溃疡性结肠炎，是以复发和缓解为特征的胃肠道慢性炎症的病症。在过去的几十年里，在了解IBD的流行病学方面取得了进展。克罗恩病和溃疡性结肠炎的发病率和患病率在全球范围内的儿童和成人人群中一直在增加。由于IBD被认为与个体遗传易感性，环境触发因素和刺激炎症反应的肠道微生物组改变的组合有关，因此了解与IBD的发展或过程相关的潜在可改变的环境风险因素可能会影响未来的疾病率或管理。目前的假设，炎症性肠病的发展进行了审查，是一个主机的环境辅因子，已被调查的保护和煽动因素的炎症性肠病发作。这些环境因素包括母乳喂养、胃肠道感染、城市与农村生活方式、药物暴露、压力、吸烟和饮食。这些因素在疾病过程中的作用也进行了审查。展望未来，关于IBD的病因学以及特定的环境暴露如何密切影响疾病的发展以及复发的可能性，还有很多东西需要了解。
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), including both Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, are disorders of chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract marked by episodes of relapse and remission. Over the past several decades, advances have been made in understanding the epidemiology of IBD. The incidence and prevalence of both Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis have been increasing worldwide across pediatric and adult populations. As IBD is thought to be related to a combination of individual genetic susceptibility, environmental triggers, and alterations in the gut microbiome that stimulate an inflammatory response, understanding the potentially modifiable environmental risk factors associated with the development or the course of IBD could impact disease rates or management in the future. Current hypotheses as to the development of IBD are reviewed, as are a host of environmental cofactors that have been investigated as both protective and inciting factors for IBD onset. Such environmental factors include breast feeding, gastrointestinal infections, urban versus rural lifestyle, medication exposures, stress, smoking, and diet. The role of these factors in disease course is also reviewed. Looking forward, there is still much to be learned about the etiology of IBD and how specific environmental exposures intimately impact the development of disease and also the potential for relapse.