Involuntary top-down control by search-irrelevant features: Visual working memory biases attention in an object-based manner
Involuntary top-down control by search-irrelevant features: Visual working memory biases attention in an object-based manner
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cognition.2017.12.002
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发表时间：
2018-03-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Schneider, Werner X.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Foerster, Rebecca M.;Schneider, Werner X.
许多日常任务涉及连续的视觉搜索事件，目标不断变化。汇聚的证据表明，这些目标保留在视觉工作记忆（VWM）和偏见的注意力。目前还不清楚是否所有或只有搜索相关的功能的VWM模板偏见的注意力在搜索过程中。偏置信号可能被专门配置为与任务相关的特征，这样只有与搜索相关的特征才能偏置注意力。或者，VWM可能以绑定特征的形式维护对象。然后，所有模板特征将以基于对象的方式偏向注意力，使得偏向效应按特征相关性排序。在这里，我们调查是否搜索无关的VWM模板功能偏见的注意。参与者必须扫视到一个目标对面的干扰。在每次搜索试验之前，一个彩色提示描绘了目标。目标是预先确定的，只根据它的身份，而它的颜色无关紧要。当目标和线索不仅在身份（搜索相关），而且在颜色（搜索无关）匹配，眼跳更频繁，更快地直接到目标比没有任何颜色匹配（实验1）。当引入一个线索干扰颜色匹配（实验2），直接目标眼跳最有可能时，目标和线索匹配的搜索无关的颜色和最不可能的情况下的线索干扰颜色匹配。当线索和目标从来没有相同的颜色（实验3），线索颜色的干扰仍然捕获的眼睛更经常比不同颜色的干扰，尽管颜色是搜索无关。当参与者被告知误导性的颜色时，结果反对策略性和自愿性的颜色使用。相反，搜索无关的功能偏向注意力强制性地主张由基于对象的VWM模板的非自愿自上而下的控制。
Many everyday tasks involve successive visual-search episodes with changing targets. Converging evidence suggests that these targets are retained in visual working memory (VWM) and bias attention from there. It is unknown whether all or only search-relevant features of a VWM template bias attention during search. Bias signals might be configured exclusively to task-relevant features so that only search-relevant features bias attention. Alternatively, VWM might maintain objects in the form of bound features. Then, all template features will bias attention in an object-based manner, so that biasing effects are ranked by feature relevance. Here, we investigated whether search-irrelevant VWM template features bias attention. Participants had to saccade to a target opposite a distractor. A colored cue depicted the target prior to each search trial. The target was pre-defined only by its identity, while its color was irrelevant. When target and cue matched not only in identity (search-relevant) but also in color (search-irrelevant), saccades went more often and faster directly to the target than without any color match (Experiment 1). When introducing a cue-distractor color match (Experiment 2), direct target saccades were most likely when target and cue matched in the search-irrelevant color and least likely in case of a cue-distractor color match. When cue and target were never colored the same (Experiment 3), cue-colored distractors still captured the eyes more often than different-colored distractors despite color being search-irrelevant. As participants were informed about the misleading color, the result argues against a strategical and voluntary usage of color. Instead, search-irrelevant features biased attention obligatorily arguing for involuntary top-down control by object-based VWM templates.