Behavioral momentum in computer-presented discriminations in individuals with severe mental retardation
Behavioral momentum in computer-presented discriminations in individuals with severe mental retardation
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DOI：
10.1901/jeab.2001.75-15
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发表时间：
2001-01-01
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
McIlvane, WJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dube, WV;McIlvane, WJ
对2例重度智力障碍患者的行为动量进行了研究，方法是在受试者内部操纵获得的强化物率。受试者在一个触摸屏电脑显示器上自行完成辨别问题。两个不同的问题，任务a和任务B，在多个时间表上以15个试验为块进行交替。强化物是零食。任务A的强化计划是连续的（固定比例1），任务B的强化计划在某些情况下是连续的，在其他情况下是可变比例的。在测试过程中，通过预喂食、提供与反应无关的食物和提供任务的替代方案来评估行为动量。当任务A获得的强化物率至少是任务B的两倍时，任务A对改变的抵抗力更大。当两个任务的强化物率和反应率大致相等时，对改变的抵抗力大致相等。这些结果与行为动量效应一致。他们在人类身上扩展了先前的研究结果，通过比率时间表检查自我发起的离散试验歧视任务的动量，并通过在受试者内部操纵中将相对强化率作为控制变量隔离开来。
Behavioral momentum was examined in 2 individuals with severe mental retardation via within-subject manipulations of obtained reinforcer rates. Subjects performed self-paced discrimination problems presented on a touch screen computer monitor Two different problems, Tasks A and B, alternated in blocks of 15 trials on a multiple schedule. Reinforcers were snack foods. The reinforcement schedule fur Task A was continuous (fixed-ratio 1), and the schedule for Task B was continuous in some conditions and variable ratio in other conditions. Behavioral momentum was assessed in test sessions by prefeeding, presenting response-independent food, and making available alternatives to the tasks. When the obtained reinforcer rate for Task A was at least twice that for Task B, resistance to change was greater for Task A. When both reinforcer rates and response rates were approximately equal for thc two tasks, resistance to change was approximately equal. These results are consistent with behavioral momentum effects. They extend previous findings with humans by examining momentum in self-initiated discrete-trial discrimination tasks with ratio schedules, and by isolating relative reinforcer rates as a controlling variable via within-subject manipulations.