Genetic isolation within the malaria mosquito Anopheles melas.
Genetic isolation within the malaria mosquito Anopheles melas.
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1365-294x.2012.05724.x
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发表时间：
2012-09
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
Slotman MA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Deitz KC;Athrey G;Reddy MR;Overgaard HJ;Matias A;Jawara M;Della Torre A;Petrarca V;Pinto J;Kiszewski AE;Kengne P;Costantini C;Caccone A;Slotman MA
Melas按蚊是一种在微咸水中繁殖的按蚊。冈比亚复合体，分布于沿着西非海岸，是其分布范围内的主要疟疾媒介。由于对该物种的种群结构知之甚少，我们分析了11个An的15个微卫星标记和1，161 bp的mtDNA。在其分布范围内收集的Melas种群。与它的兄弟物种An相比。gambiae、冈比亚角隐翅虫An. melas种群在它们之间有很高的遗传分化，由于其与红树林和盐沼草有关的支离破碎的幼虫栖息地，这表明其分布不均匀。人口聚集成三个不同的群体，代表西非，南部非洲和比奥科岛人口，似乎大多是孤立的。在所有三个集群之间的mtDNA的固定差异，和微卫星数据的贝叶斯聚类分析发现，没有证据表明从大陆迁移到比奥科岛的人口，和南部到西部集群之间的迁移是明显的。令人惊讶的是，三个AN之间的mtDNA差异。melas集群与其他物种之间的分歧水平相当。gambiae复合体，并且在最大似然系统发育分析中没有观察到对单系性的支持。最后，微卫星数据的近似贝叶斯分析表明，比奥科岛的一个。梅拉人过去与大陆人有联系，但后来变得孤立，大概是在最后一次冰川期（≥ 10 000 - 11 000年前）后海平面上升的时候。这项研究揭示了物种水平的遗传分化内。melas，并对控制这种疟疾病媒也有影响。
Anopheles melas is a brackish water-breeding member of the An. gambiae complex that is distributed along the coast of West Africa and is a major malaria vector within its range. Because little is known about the population structure of this species, we analyzed 15 microsatellite markers and 1,161 bp of mtDNA in 11 An. melas populations collected throughout its range. Compared to its sibling species An. gambiae, An. melas populations have a high level of genetic differentiation between them, representing its patchy distribution due to its fragmented larval habitat which is associated with mangroves and salt marsh grass. Populations clustered into three distinct groups representing Western Africa, Southern Africa, and Bioko Island populations that appear to be mostly isolated. Fixed differences in the mtDNA are present between all three clusters, and a Bayesian clustering analysis of the microsatellite data found no evidence for migration from mainland to Bioko Island populations, and little migration was evident between the Southern to the Western cluster. Surprisingly, mtDNA divergence between the three An. melas clusters is on par with levels of divergence between other species of the An. gambiae complex, and no support for monophyly was observed in a maximum likelihood phylogenetic analysis. Finally, an Approximate Bayesian Analysis of microsatellite data indicates that Bioko Island An. melas populations were connected to the mainland populations in the past, but became isolated, presumably when sea levels rose after the last glaciation period (≥10,000-11,000 years ago). This study has exposed species level genetic divergence within An. melas, and also has implications for control of this malaria vector.