Nanotechnology in the real world: Redeveloping the nanomaterial consumer products inventory.
Nanotechnology in the real world: Redeveloping the nanomaterial consumer products inventory.
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DOI：
10.3762/bjnano.6.181
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发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
3.1
通讯作者：
Hull MS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Vance ME;Kuiken T;Vejerano EP;McGinnis SP;Hochella MF Jr;Rejeski D;Hull MS
为了记录纳米产品进入商业市场的营销和分销情况，伍德罗·威尔逊国际学者中心和新兴纳米技术项目于2005年创建了纳米技术消费品清单（CPI）。本工作的目标是通过领导一项研究工作来重新开发CPI，以提高该库存的有用性和可靠性。我们为消费品创建了八个新的描述符，包括与每种产品中所含纳米材料有关的信息。该项目的动机是认识到，来自学术界，工业界和州/联邦政府的利益相关者的不同群体已经成为高度依赖于库存作为一个重要的资源和社会中纳米技术的普及的风向标。我们采访了68位纳米技术专家，以评估关键信息需求。他们的回答通过提供最适合用户期望的清晰概念框架来指导库存修改。修订后的清单于2013年10月发布。目前，它列出了来自32个国家的622家公司的1814种消费品。健康和健身类别包含的产品最多（762个，占总数的42%）。银是最常用的纳米材料（435种产品，占24%）;然而，CPI中包含的49%的产品（889种）没有提供其所用纳米材料的成分。大约29%的CPI（528种产品）含有悬浮在各种液体介质中的纳米材料，皮肤接触是其使用中最可能的暴露场景。大多数产品（1288种产品，或71%）没有提供足够的支持信息来证实使用纳米材料的声明。修改后的消费物价指数启用了众包功能，使用户能够对任何条目提出编辑建议，并允许研究人员上传从人类和环境暴露数据到完成生命周期评估的新发现。这种类型的数据库存在固有的局限性，但对清单的这些修改解决了出版文献和纳米技术利益相关者和专家调查中提出的大多数批评。制定消费品中纳米材料表征和标签的标准化方法和指标，可以加深纳米技术关键利益攸关方之间的理解，特别是消费者、研究人员、监管机构和行业。
To document the marketing and distribution of nano-enabled products into the commercial marketplace, the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars and the Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies created the Nanotechnology Consumer Products Inventory (CPI) in 2005. The objective of this present work is to redevelop the CPI by leading a research effort to increase the usefulness and reliability of this inventory. We created eight new descriptors for consumer products, including information pertaining to the nanomaterials contained in each product. The project was motivated by the recognition that a diverse group of stakeholders from academia, industry, and state/federal government had become highly dependent on the inventory as an important resource and bellweather of the pervasiveness of nanotechnology in society. We interviewed 68 nanotechnology experts to assess key information needs. Their answers guided inventory modifications by providing a clear conceptual framework best suited for user expectations. The revised inventory was released in October 2013. It currently lists 1814 consumer products from 622 companies in 32 countries. The Health and Fitness category contains the most products (762, or 42% of the total). Silver is the most frequently used nanomaterial (435 products, or 24%); however, 49% of the products (889) included in the CPI do not provide the composition of the nanomaterial used in them. About 29% of the CPI (528 products) contain nanomaterials suspended in a variety of liquid media and dermal contact is the most likely exposure scenario from their use. The majority (1288 products, or 71%) of the products do not present enough supporting information to corroborate the claim that nanomaterials are used. The modified CPI has enabled crowdsourcing capabilities, which allow users to suggest edits to any entry and permits researchers to upload new findings ranging from human and environmental exposure data to complete life cycle assessments. There are inherent limitations to this type of database, but these modifications to the inventory addressed the majority of criticisms raised in published literature and in surveys of nanotechnology stakeholders and experts. The development of standardized methods and metrics for nanomaterial characterization and labelling in consumer products can lead to greater understanding between the key stakeholders in nanotechnology, especially consumers, researchers, regulators, and industry.