Phylogeny and biogeography of the Gnathiidae (Crustacea: Isopoda) with descriptions of new genera and species, most from southeastern Australia
Phylogeny and biogeography of the Gnathiidae (Crustacea: Isopoda) with descriptions of new genera and species, most from southeastern Australia
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颌科（甲壳纲：等足目）的系统发育和生物地理学，以及新属和新种的描述，大部分来自澳大利亚东南部
DOI：
10.24199/j.mmv.1994.54.13
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发表时间：
1994
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
G. Poore
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
B. Cohen;G. Poore
科恩B.F.可怜的。G.C.B. 1994.颚科（甲壳纲：等足目）的系统发育和地理分布，以及新属和新种的描述，大部分来自澳大利亚东南部。Memoirs ol the Museum of维多利亚54（2）：271-397自Monod（1926）以来，首次对颚科的分类进行了回顾。72个字符的国家进行了讨论，参考两个外类群的Flabellifera，形成的系统发育分析的基础。95种包括在分析中，代表所有名义属和亚属，并涵盖了家庭的变化。结果表明，颚科可分为两个主要分支，分别代表1个属（Thawnastognathia Monod）和9个属（Gibbagnathia gen. nov.，Paragnathia Omer-Cooper and Omer-Cooper，Euneognathia斯泰宾，Bythognathia Camp，Monodgnathia gen. nov.，深颌龙Caecognathia Dollfus、Gnathia Leach和Elaphognathia Monod）。新的分类与Monod（1926）的分类不同之处在于描述了两个新的属（单颌属和赤颌属），恢复了以前在同义关系中的另一个属（盲颌属），将一个亚属提升到属级（Elaphognathia），并失去了两个属和一个亚属的同义关系（异颌属、Akidognathia和Perignathia）。将Elaphognathia提升为属级依赖于对并系颌属的认识。编制了颚科拟属检索表。在澳大利亚东南部描述和描绘了25个新物种，3个来自塔斯曼和珊瑚海的深水，1个来自新西兰。Thawnastognathia是自1926年以来首次被记录。Bathygnathia、Monodgnathia和Thaumastognathia在澳大利亚沃茨首次被记录。所有45个澳大利亚物种的检索表都提供了17个先前描述的物种的头染色体的数字，以帮助识别。所有澳大利亚物种的栖息地和分布数据。对该科的系统发育分析表明，在该科的辐射中最重要的进化事件发生在南半球的寒冷沃茨。Thawnastognathia是所有其他颚类的姐妹群，是澳大利亚-新西兰大陆架的四种特有属。Gibbagnathia，第二支，是一个特有的，单型属，仅限于巴斯海峡，澳大利亚南部。Paragnalhia是一个神秘的单一非洲-欧洲物种，但Euneognathia是南极大陆架的单一物种。这四个属都没有辐射成功。Bythognathia（1种）来自加勒比海的深海（4000米）。单颌类（4种）和双颌类（12种）均局限于斜坡和深海。但辐射一直是中等的，除了一种Bythognathia外，没有发现非常深的，不像其他许多等足类动物。两个相关的分支在更浅和更温暖的沃茨中强烈辐射：Caecognathia有43个物种，比Gnathia-Elaphognathia（89个物种）更多地分布在两极。在温带和热带大陆架和山坡上分布更为广泛。无颌目的小分支物种仅限于澳大利亚。其他物种的高度特有的南澳大利亚动物群似乎出现在当地和独立。
Cohen. B.F. and Poore. G.C.B.. 1994. Phylogeny and biogeography of the Gnathiidae (Crustacea: Isopoda) with descriptions of new genera and species, most from south-eastern Australia. Memoirs ol the Museum of Victoria 54 (2): 271-397 The classification of the Gnathiidae is reviewed for the first time since Monod (1926). States of 72 characters are discussed with reference to two outgroups of Flabellifera, forming the basis of a phylogenetic analysis. Ninety-five species are included in the analysis representing all nominal genera and subgenera and covering the perceived variation in the family. Results indicate that the Gnathiidae can be divided into two principal clades representing one (Thawnastognathia Monod) and nine genera (Gibbagnathia gen. nov., Paragnathia Omer-Cooper and Omer-Cooper, Euneognathia Stebbing, Bythognathia Camp, Monodgnathia gen. nov., Bathygnathia Dollfus. Caecognathia Dollfus, Gnathia Leach and Elaphognathia Monod). The new classification differs from that of Monod (1926) in the description of two new genera (Monodgnathia and Gibbagnathia), the revival of another genus previously in synonymy (Caecognathia), the elevation of a subgenus to generic rank (Elaphognathia) and the loss of two genera and a subgenus in synonymy (Heterognathia, Akidognathia and Perignathia). The elevation of Elaphognathia to generic rank relies on the recognition of paraphyletic Gnathia. A key to the proposed genera of Gnathiidae is presented. Twenty-five new species are described and figured from south-eastern Australia, three from deep water in the Tasman and Coral Seas, and one from New Zealand. Thawnastognathia is recorded for the first time since 1926. Bathygnathia, Monodgnathia, and Thaumastognathia are recorded for the first time from Australian waters. Keys to all 45 Australian species are offered with figures of the cephalosomes of the 17 previously described species to aid identification. Habitat and distributional data for all Australian species are presented. The phylogenetic analysis of the family suggests the most significant evolutionary events in the radiation of the family took place in the cold waters of the southern hemisphere. Thawnastognathia, sister group of all other gnathiids, is an endemic genus of four species from the Australian-New Zealand shelf. Gibbagnathia, the second clade, is an endemic, monotypic genus confined to Bass Strait, southern Australia. Paragnalhia is enigmatic in being a single Afro-European species but Euneognathia is a single species from the Antarctic shelf. None of these four genera has radiated successfully. Bythognathia ( 1 species) is from the deep sea (4000 m) of the Caribbean. Monodgnathia (4 species) and Bathognathia (12 species) are both confined to the slope and deep sea. But radiation has been moderate and with the exception of the one species of Bythognathia none is found very deep, unlike many other families of isopods. Two related clades have radiated strongly in more shallow and warmer waters: Caecognathia with 43 species distributed more towards the poles than Gnathia-Elaphognathia (89 species.) which is more cosmopolitan on temperate and tropical shelves and upper slopes. Small clades of species of Caecognathia are confined to Australia. Other species ofthe highly endemic southern Australian fauna seem to have arisen locally and independently.