Whale Meat in Early Postwar Japan: Natural Resources and Food Culture
Whale Meat in Early Postwar Japan: Natural Resources and Food Culture
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DOI：
10.1093/envhis/emw004
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发表时间：
2016-07-01
影响因子：
0.7
通讯作者：
Arch, Jakobina
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Arch, Jakobina
在反捕鲸团体的强烈反对下，鲸肉消费成为20世纪后期日本的民族自豪感和文化重要性。目前，为保护日本文化传统而在学校午餐中增加鲸鱼肉的努力，其根源在于战后鲸鱼肉作为日本料理的一部分的正常化。这篇文章的重点是战后盟军占领日本（1945-52）的时期，当时鲸鱼陷入了处理粮食短缺和民主化的国家政策。在占领期间，鲸鱼肉在学校午餐中的分配改变了人们应该如何使用和思考鲸鱼。因此，最大限度地利用资源进行重建的政策所产生的影响至今仍在关于鲸鱼肉价值的争论中回荡。战争期间和战争结束后的食物短缺促进了广泛的消费，使鲸鱼肉成为新一代儿童在学校吃鲸鱼的新分配框架。随着这些孩子长大，鲸鱼肉成为日本人吃的东西，无论他们住在这个国家的哪个地方。追踪鲸鱼分布的身体作为肉和更无形的话语鲸鱼在各种媒体，从政策到儿童杂志，这篇文章提供了新的证据盟军占领日本的长期环境遗产之一。
In the face of strong opposition from anti-whaling groups, whale meat consumption became a point of national pride and cultural importance in late twentieth-century Japan. Current efforts to expand inclusion of whale meat in school lunches to preserve Japanese cultural traditions have their roots in the postwar normalization of whale meat as a part of Japanese cuisine. This article focuses on the immediate postwar period of the Allied Occupation of Japan (1945-52) when whales became entangled in state policies dealing with food shortages and democratization. During the Occupation, the distribution of whale meat in school lunches shifted how people should use and think about whales in Japan. Thus policies for maximizing resource use for reconstruction had effects that still reverberate in arguments about the value of whale meat today. Food shortages both during and after the war were instrumental in promoting widespread consumption by fitting whale meat into a new framework of distribution for a whole new generation of children fed whale at school. As these children grew older, whale meat became normalized as something that Japanese people ate, no matter where in the country they lived. Tracing whale distribution both physically as meat and more intangibly as discourse about whales in a variety of media, from policy to children's magazines, this article provides new evidence for one of the long-term environmental legacies of the Allied Occupation of Japan.