Can chemical and molecular biomarkers help discriminate between industrial, rural and urban environments?
Can chemical and molecular biomarkers help discriminate between industrial, rural and urban environments?
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DOI：
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.03.062
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发表时间：
2018-08
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通讯作者：
Sonia Garcia-Alcega;Z. Nasir;Robert M W Ferguson;C. Noël;C. Cravo-Laureau;C. Whitby;A. Dumbrell;Ian Colbeck;S. Tyrrel;F. Coulon
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作者：
Sonia Garcia-Alcega;Z. Nasir;Robert M W Ferguson;C. Noël;C. Cravo-Laureau;C. Whitby;A. Dumbrell;Ian Colbeck;S. Tyrrel;F. Coulon
在夏季和冬季，对来自四个对比鲜明的户外环境的空气样本进行了分析，这些环境包括公园、可耕地、废水处理厂和堆肥设施。该研究的目的是研究利用化学和分子标记物（如微生物挥发性有机化合物（MVOC）和磷脂脂肪酸（PLFA））区分城市，农村和工业地区微生物群落的可行性。每2小时采集一次空气样品（3 L），共6小时，以评估MVOCs和PLFA沿着的时间变化。MVOCs和VOCs浓度在一天中变化，特别是在堆肥设施，这是更多的人类活动进行的网站。在该地点，夏季总VOC浓度在80 - 170 μg m− 3之间，冬季在20-250 μg m− 3之间。由于不同的生物基质，包括作物，废水，绿色废物或草的MVOCs的组成不同的网站。MVOCs的组成也不同的季节，因为在夏季，他们更有可能得到修改的氧化过程中的大气和冬季的还原过程。通过PLFA分析确定的微生物群落的组成在不同地点和季节之间也有所不同。夏季PLFA浓度较高的地点是农场（7297 ng m−3），冬季是公园（11，724 ng m−3）。通过主成分分析（PCA）和典型分析确定了一组最能代表每个位置的MVOC和PLFA。此外，总挥发性有机化合物和PLFA的浓度在冬季比夏季高至少三倍。夏季和冬季之间的浓度差异表明，在评估接触这些化合物的风险时，应考虑季节性变化。
Air samples from four contrasting outdoor environments including a park, an arable farm, a waste water treatment plant and a composting facility were analysed during the summer and winter months. The aim of the research was to study the feasibility of differentiating microbial communities from urban, rural and industrial areas between seasons with chemical and molecular markers such as microbial volatile organic compounds (MVOCs) and phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs). Air samples (3 l) were collected every 2 h for a total of 6 h in order to assess the temporal variations of MVOCs and PLFAs along the day. MVOCs and VOCs concentrations varied over the day, especially in the composting facility which was the site where more human activities were carried out. At this site, total VOC concentration varied between 80 and 170 μg m−3in summer and 20–250 μg m−3in winter. The composition of MVOCs varied between sites due to the different biological substrates including crops, waste water, green waste or grass. MVOCs composition also differed between seasons as in summer they are more likely to get modified by oxidation processes in the atmosphere and in winter by reduction processes. The composition of microbial communities identified by the analysis of PLFAs also varied among the different locations and between seasons. The location with higher concentrations of PLFAs in summer was the farm (7297 ng m−3) and in winter the park (11,724 ng m−3). A specific set of MVOCs and PLFAs that most represent each one of the locations was identified by principal component analyses (PCA) and canonical analyses. Further to this, concentrations of both total VOCs and PLFAs were at least three times higher in winter than in summer. The difference in concentrations between summer and winter suggest that seasonal variations should be considered when assessing the risk of exposure to these compounds.