Cigarette smoke and cancer.
Cigarette smoke and cancer.
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香烟烟雾与癌症。
DOI：
10.1155/2011/172678
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发表时间：
2011
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Chatterjee,Aditi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Kachhap,Sushant;Keshamouni,VenkateshwarG;Qian,DavidZ;Chatterjee,Aditi
烟草烟雾暴露增加与多种癌症正相关，包括肺癌、乳腺癌、胰腺癌和前列腺癌。烟草中大约有250种化学物质与癌症有关。无烟烟草，如嚼过的烟叶、鼻烟和槟榔，也与口腔癌和胰腺癌有关。最近的努力破译烟草衍生的致癌物诱导各种癌症的机制提供了深刻的见解信号通路，这些化合物的干扰，导致致癌信号。这份特刊整理了综述和研究文章，从分子、临床和流行病学水平提供了有关烟草诱发癌症的见解。Oppeltz等人强调烟草使用是一个全球健康问题，并提供了一份详细的审查报告，重点介绍了发展中国家烟草使用增加和癌症负担增加的趋势。发展中国家，如台湾，可能确实处于危险之中，林等人的研究强调了这一点，世卫组织评估了一项前瞻性研究队列，发现习惯性吸烟者、饮酒者和嚼槟榔者患口腔癌的风险较高。这项研究发现，有上述所有习惯的人患口腔癌的风险是对照组的40倍。癌症的风险不仅限于吸烟者，也影响间接暴露于烟草致癌物的个人。然而，父亲吸烟与儿童白血病之间的联系尚未明确。通过荟萃分析，Liu等人的一篇有趣的综述文章指出了父亲吸烟与儿童急性淋巴细胞白血病之间的联系。胰腺癌与吸烟有关。Lochan等人的一篇研究文章进一步暗示家族史是促进吸烟者患癌症的重要因素。作者发现，有恶性肿瘤家族史的个体患胰腺癌的风险增加。此外，具有恶性肿瘤家族史和吸烟的个体似乎需要较低程度的烟草暴露才能发生胰腺癌。为了遏制烟草的使用，有必要提供专业的戒烟援助。然而，戒烟干预应根据人群和种族进行调整，并应考虑行为和文化差异。Delnevo等人的一项研究表明，在美国的南亚移民中烟草使用的异质性。这项研究提出了一个重要的观点，即根据烟草使用者的原籍国对其进行隔离，而不仅仅是将他们归类为“亚洲人”，以便更可靠地了解这一人群的烟草使用行为。Mazza等人的一份简短的临床报告强调，需要在综合癌症中心设立戒烟诊所，以使吸烟者癌症患者受益。
Increased tobacco smoke exposure positively correlates with a wide variety of cancers including those of lung, breast, pancreas, and prostate cancer. There are about 250 chemicals present in tobacco that have been linked to cancer. Smokeless tobacco, in the form of chewed tobacco leaves, snuff, and betel quid, has also been linked to oral and pancreatic cancers. Recent efforts to decipher mechanisms by which tobacco-derived carcinogens induce various cancers have provided profound insights about signaling pathways that are perturbed by these compounds, leading to oncogenic signaling. This special issue collates reviews and research articles that provide insights about tobacco-induced cancers at molecular, clinical, and epidemiological level. Emphasizing the use of tobacco as a global health concern, Oppeltz et al. provide a detailed review highlighting the trend towards increased tobacco use and the increasing cancer burden in developing countries. Developing countries, such as Taiwan, may indeed be at risk which is underscored by the study of Lin et al., who evaluated a prospective study cohort and found that habitual cigarette smokers, alcohol consumers, and betel quid chewers have a higher risk of contracting oral cancer. This study finds an alarming 40-fold risk of developing oral cancer in individuals who have all the above habits than controls. The risk of cancer is not limited to smokers but also affects individuals who are indirectly exposed to tobaccoderived carcinogens. However, the link between paternal smoking and childhood leukemia is not yet clearly established. Using meta-analysis, an interesting review article by Liu et al. draws a link between paternal smoking and childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Pancreatic cancers have been linked to tobacco use. A research article by Lochan et al. further implicates family history as an important factor promoting cancers among smokers. The authors find that individuals with a family history of malignancy are at an increased risk of pancreatic cancer. Furthermore, individuals with a family history of malignancy and who smoke appear to require a lesser degree of tobacco exposure for the development of pancreatic cancer. To curb the use of tobacco, it is necessary to provide professional smoking cessation aid. However, smoking cessation intervention should be tailored depending on the population and ethnicity, and behavioral and cultural differences should be taken into account. A study by Delnevo et al. indicates the heterogeneous nature of tobacco use among South Asian immigrants in the USA. The study drives an important point of segregating tobacco users depending on their country of origin, and not just grouping them as “Asians,” for a more reliable understanding into the behavior of tobacco use in this population. A short clinical report by Mazza et al. emphasizes the need for smoking cessation clinics in comprehensive cancer centres to benefit smoker cancer patients.