Environmental and Human Health Impacts of Nanotechnology
Environmental and Human Health Impacts of Nanotechnology
复制标题
纳米技术对环境和人类健康的影响
DOI：
10.1002/9781444307504.ch1
复制
发表时间：
2009
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Baalousha M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Baalousha M
纳米技术和纳米科学有着悠久的传统，但就目前的形式而言，它们相对较新，可以在纳米尺度上对材料进行成像、操纵和量化。了解这些纳米材料对环境和人类健康的影响本身是非常新的，也是高度多学科的，需要环境，分析和物理化学，物理学，材料科学，（生态）毒理学和其他学科的知识。该主题的广度使得它要求任何人都有认真的兴趣研究这个问题。因此，在这一介绍性章节中，将简要回顾当前的知识，作为后续章节更详细分析的序言。具体而言，第二章讨论了纳米材料的结构（结构和组成），制备稳定的纳米颗粒的方法，纳米材料和纳米技术的性质，制备方法和应用。第3章讨论了目前关于纳米材料（胶体无机材料）的现有知识。它侧重于可能决定其环境归宿和毒性的纳米材料的化学行为，包括尺寸、氧化还原化学、吸附过程、阳离子扩散动力学和溶解。第四章综述了天然水、陆胶体（包括纳米粒子）的研究现状，包括天然胶体的主要类型，
Nanotechnology and nanoscience have a long tradition but in their current forms, where it is possible to image, manipulate and quantify materials on a nanoscale, they are relatively new. Understanding the environmental and human health impacts of these nanomaterials is itself very new and also highly multidisciplinary, requiring knowledge of environmental, analytical and physical chemistry, physics, materials science,(eco) toxicology and other disciplines. The breadth of the subject makes it demanding for anyone with a serious interest in studying the subject. Therefore, in this introductory chapter the current knowledge is briefly reviewed as a preamble to the more detailed analysis in subsequent chapters. Specifically, Chapter 2 discusses the architecture (structure and composition) of nanomaterials, the methods of producing stabilized nanoparticles, the properties, preparation methods and applications of nanomaterials and nanotechnology. Chapter 3 discusses the currently available knowledge about nanomaterials (colloidal inorganic material). It focuses on the chemical behaviour of nanomaterials that is likely to determine their environmental fate and toxicity, including size, redox chemistry, sorption processes, cation diffusion kinetics and dissolution. In Chapter 4 the available knowledge of natural aquatic and terrestrial colloids (including nanoparticles) is reviewed, including the major types of natural colloidal