Responses to quantity: perceptual versus cognitive mechanisms in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes).
Responses to quantity: perceptual versus cognitive mechanisms in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes).
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DOI：
10.1037//0097-7403.21.1.82
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发表时间：
1995
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
S. Boysen;G. Berntson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
S. Boysen;G. Berntson
训练两只黑猩猩从2种不同数量的糖果(1-6种)中进行选择。这项任务的设计是这样的：主动(选择者)黑猩猩选择任一阵列，结果是该阵列被给予被动(观察者)动物，其余(未被选择的)阵列被给予选择者。这两种动物都不能始终如一地选择较小的阵列，这将获得更大的奖励。相反，两种动物都优先选择较大的排列，从而获得较少数量的增强剂。然而，当阿拉伯数字取代食物排列时，选择动物表现出更好的表现，立即选择较小的数字，从而获得更大的奖励。这些发现表明，对激励刺激的知觉-动机特征做出反应的基本倾向会干扰任务绩效，当抽象符号作为选择刺激时，这种干扰可以被推翻。
Two chimpanzees were trained to select among 2 different amounts of candy (1-6 items). The task was designed so that selection of either array by the active (selector) chimpanzee resulted in that array being given to the passive (observer) animal, with the remaining (nonselected) array going to the selector. Neither animal was able to select consistently the smaller array, which would reap the larger reward. Rather, both animals preferentially selected the larger array, thereby receiving the smaller number of reinforcers. When Arabic numerals were substituted for the food arrays, however, the selector animal evidenced more optimal performance, immediately selecting the smaller numeral and thus receiving the larger reward. These findings suggest that a basic predisposition to respond to the perceptual-motivational features of incentive stimuli can interfere with task performance and that this interference can be overridden when abstract symbols serve as choice stimuli.