Wildfire Smoke Observations in the Western United States from the Airborne Wyoming Cloud Lidar during the BB-FLUX Project. Part II: Vertical Structure and Plume Injection Height
Wildfire Smoke Observations in the Western United States from the Airborne Wyoming Cloud Lidar during the BB-FLUX Project. Part II: Vertical Structure and Plume Injection Height
复制标题
BB-FLUX 项目期间机载怀俄明州云激光雷达对美国西部野火烟雾进行观测。
DOI：
10.1175/jtech-d-21-0093.1
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发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Romero-Alvarez, Leidy J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Deng, Min;Volkamer, Rainer M.;Wang, Zhien;Snider, Jefferson R.;Kille, Natalie;Romero-Alvarez, Leidy J.
本文研究了美国怀俄明州上升云激光雷达(WCL)在生物质燃烧微量气体和气溶胶的通量(BB-通量)项目中观测到的美国西部野火烟羽。这里的第二部分介绍了由航空WCL测量重建的七个羽流的垂直结构。火焰羽流横截面上明显的垂直结构与现场测量结果相吻合，表明火焰羽流具有明显的宏观物理和微观物理性质，这与羽流的输送、火焰发射强度和边界层的热力学结构密切相关。所有羽状物的喷射层都在平均海平面以上2.8至4.0公里之间，通常低于确定的边界层顶部高度。从边界层向上传输的羽流，如兔脚大火和极地小溪大火，在5.5公里左右形成了更高的羽流。最大和最高的极溪火焰烟羽被输送到最远的地方，并由怀俄明大学国王航空公司的飞机在170公里(2.3小时)的下风向进行采样。它与最温暖、最干燥、最深的边界层以及最高的风速和湍流有关。Watson Creek火羽在下午增强，CO排放比上午更强，烟羽高度更大，表现出火灾的日循环，但部分火羽在下午并没有增强。在活跃的火灾产生的羽流顶部有相对较大的不规则气溶胶颗粒。在较不活跃的火焰羽流中，WCL消偏率和被动腔式气溶胶光谱仪探测器的质量平均直径在羽流中较低的高度处最大。
The western U.S. wildfire smoke plumes observed by the upward-pointing Wyoming Cloud Lidar (WCL) during the Biomass Burning Fluxes of Trace Gases and Aerosols (BB-FLUX) project are investigated in a two-part paper. Part II here presents the reconstructed vertical structures of seven plumes from airborne WCL measurements. The vertical structures evident in the fire plume cross sections, supported by in situ measurements, showed that the fire plumes had distinct macrophysical and microphysical properties, which are closely related to the plume transport, fire emission intensity, and thermodynamic structure in the boundary layer. All plumes had an injection layer between 2.8 and 4.0 km above mean sea level, which is generally below the identified boundary layer top height. Plumes that transported upward out of the boundary layer, such as the Rabbit Foot and Pole Creek fires, formed a higher plume at around 5.5 km. The largest and highest Pole Creek fire plume was transported farthest and was sampled by University of Wyoming King Air aircraft at 170 km, or 2.3 h, downwind. It was associated with the warmest, driest, deepest boundary layer and the highest wind speed and turbulence. The Watson Creek fire plume intensified in the afternoon with stronger CO emission and larger smoke plume height than in the morning, indicating a fire diurnal cycle, but some fire plumes did not intensify in the afternoon. There were pockets of relatively large irregular aerosol particles at the tops of plumes from active fires. In less-active fire plumes, the WCL depolarization ratio and passive cavity aerosol spectrometer probe mass mean diameter maximized at a height that was low in the plume.