Ocular phototoxicity
Ocular phototoxicity
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DOI：
10.1016/s1011-1344(01)00196-8
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发表时间：
2001-11-15
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Roberts, JE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Roberts, JE
人的眼睛经常暴露在阳光和人工照明下。因此，眼睛暴露在UV-B （295-320 nm）、UV-A （320-400 nm）和可见光（400-700 nm）下。光线通过眼睛传播，然后向大脑发出指示视力和昼夜节律的信号。因此，眼睛吸收的光一定是良性的。年轻人和成年人的眼睛可以避免强环境光对眼睛的伤害，因为眼睛受到非常有效的抗氧化系统的保护。此外，还有保护色素，如位于人体晶状体中的犬尿氨酸，以及葡萄膜和视网膜中的黑色素，它们吸收环境辐射并消散其能量而不会造成损害。中年以后，抗氧化剂和抗氧化酶的产生减少。同时，保护色素被化学修饰（透镜状3-羟基犬尿氨酸色素被酶促转化为光毒性发色团黄嘌呤酸，黑色素从抗氧化剂变为促氧化剂），荧光发色团（脂褐素）积聚到足够高的浓度以产生活性氧。我们早就知道，暴露在强烈的人造光和阳光下会导致或加剧与年龄有关的眼部疾病。现在，我们知道了这些影响的许多原因，并根据这些知识正在开发方法来干扰这些破坏性的过程。(C) 2001年Elsevier Science B.V.出版
The human eye is constantly exposed to sunlight and artificial lighting. Therefore the eye is exposed to UV-B (295-320 nm), UV-A (320-400 nm), and visible light (400-700 nm). Light is transmitted through the eye and then signals the brain directing both sight and circadian rhythm. Therefore light absorbed by the eye must be benign. Damage to the young and adult eye by intense ambient light is avoided because the eye is protected by a very efficient antioxidant system. In addition, there are protective pigments such as the kynurenines, located in the human lens, and melanin, in the uvea and retina, which absorb ambient radiation and dissipate its energy without causing damage. After middle age there is a decrease in the production of antioxidants and antioxidant enzymes. At the same time, the protective pigments are chemically modified (lenticular 3-hydroxy kynurenine pigment is enzymatically converted into the phototoxic chromophore xanthurenic acids melanin is altered from an antioxidant to pro-oxidant) and fluorescent chromophores (lipofuscin) accumulate to concentrations high enough to produce reactive oxygen species. We have known for some time that exposure to intense artificial light and sunlight either causes or exacerbates age-related ocular diseases, We now, know many of the reasons for these effects, and with this knowledge methods are being developed to interfere with these damaging processes. (C) 2001 Published by Elsevier Science B.V.